二、2012年工作總體部署

II. Major Steps to Be Taken in Government Work in 2012

今年是“十二五”時(shí)期承前啟后的重要一年，也是本屆政府任期的最后一年。我們要恪盡職守、銳意進(jìn)取、攻堅(jiān)克難，決不懈怠，交出一份人民滿意的答卷。

This year is an important year of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and the last year of the term of my government. We must dedicate ourselves to our duties, forge ahead with determination, tackle difficult problems directly, and work diligently to achieve results that satisfy the people.

我國(guó)發(fā)展仍處于重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)期內(nèi)繼續(xù)保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展具備不少有利條件。工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化快速推進(jìn)，消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)蘊(yùn)藏著巨大的需求潛力；經(jīng)過(guò)30多年改革開(kāi)放，我國(guó)發(fā)展建立了良好的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)和體制條件，宏觀調(diào)控經(jīng)驗(yàn)不斷豐富，企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力明顯提高；東部地區(qū)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展能力增強(qiáng)，中西部地區(qū)和東北等老工業(yè)基地發(fā)展?jié)摿Σ粩噌尫牛唤?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢(shì)依然存在，勞動(dòng)力資源豐富、素質(zhì)提高；財(cái)政收支狀況良好，金融體系運(yùn)行穩(wěn)健，社會(huì)資金比較充裕。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)政治格局正在發(fā)生深刻變化，和平、發(fā)展、合作仍然是時(shí)代潮流，總體上有利于我國(guó)和平發(fā)展。我們要堅(jiān)定信心，善于運(yùn)用有利條件和積極因素，繼續(xù)抓住和用好重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，不斷增強(qiáng)我國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力和國(guó)際影響力。

We are still in an important period of strategic opportunities for China's development, and there are a number of favorable conditions for us to maintain steady and robust economic development for a long time. Industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization are proceeding rapidly, and improvements in the consumption pattern and the industrial structure will create huge potential demand. In the course of over 30 years of reform and opening up, we have built a solid material foundation and institutional conditions for development and gained rich experience in macro-control. Our enterprises have become significantly more competitive and resilient. The eastern region has greater capacity for innovation and development, and the development potential of the central and western regions and the old industrial bases in northeast China is being constantly unleashed. We still have our traditional strengths in economic development, as well as rich human resources and a more skilled workforce. We have a good balance between government revenue and expenditures and a sound financial system, and there is ample nongovernmental capital. The global economic and political patterns are undergoing profound changes; peace, development, and cooperation remain the underlying trends of the times, and overall the situation is favorable for China's peaceful development. We need to have firm confidence, capitalize on favorable conditions and factors, and continue to grasp and make the most of this important period of strategic opportunities to promote steady and robust economic development, and continue to enhance China's overall strength and its international influence.

我們要高舉中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個(gè)代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo)，深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)，加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控，繼續(xù)處理好保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和管理通脹預(yù)期的關(guān)系，加快推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，著力擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求特別是消費(fèi)需求，著力加強(qiáng)自主創(chuàng)新和節(jié)能減排，著力深化改革開(kāi)放，著力保障和改善民生，全面推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)以及生態(tài)文明建設(shè)，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展和物價(jià)總水平基本穩(wěn)定，保持社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定，以經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的優(yōu)異成績(jī)迎接黨的十八大勝利召開(kāi)。

We must hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide, thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development, make progress while maintaining stability, and strengthen and improve macro-control. We will continue to balance maintaining steady and robust economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations; accelerate the transformation of the pattern of economic development and adjustment of the economic structure; vigorously expand domestic demand, particularly consumer demand; make every effort to strengthen innovation, energy conservation, and emissions reduction; and strive to deepen reform and opening up and ensure and improve the people's wellbeing. We will comprehensively advance socialist economic development, political, cultural and social progress, and ecological awareness. We will strive to achieve steady and robust economic development and overall price stability, maintain social harmony and stability, and greet the coming Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC with outstanding achievements in economic and social development.

今年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)是：國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)7．5%；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)900萬(wàn)人以上，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率控制在4．6%以內(nèi)；居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅控制在4%左右；進(jìn)出口總額增長(zhǎng)10%左右，國(guó)際收支狀況繼續(xù)改善。同時(shí)，要在產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、自主創(chuàng)新、節(jié)能減排等方面取得新進(jìn)展，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)保持同步。這里要著重說(shuō)明，國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)略微調(diào)低，主要是要與“十二五”規(guī)劃目標(biāo)逐步銜接，引導(dǎo)各方面把工作著力點(diǎn)放到加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、切實(shí)提高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益上來(lái)，以利于實(shí)現(xiàn)更長(zhǎng)時(shí)期、更高水平、更好質(zhì)量發(fā)展。提出居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅控制在4%左右，綜合考慮了輸入性通脹因素、要素成本上升影響以及居民承受能力，也為價(jià)格改革預(yù)留一定空間。

The main targets for this year's economic and social development are as follows: to increase GDP by 7.5%, create more than 9 million new jobs in towns and cities, keep the registered urban unemployment rate at or below 4.6%, hold increases in the CPI to around 4%, increase the volume of total exports and imports by around 10%, and continue to improve our balance of payments. At the same time, we will make further progress in industrial restructuring, innovation, energy conservation, and emissions reduction, and ensure that both urban and rural residents' real incomes increase in line with economic growth. Here I wish to stress that in setting a slightly lower GDP growth rate, we hope to make it fit with targets in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and to guide people in all sectors to focus their work on accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and making economic development more sustainable and efficient, so as to achieve higher-level, higher-quality development over a longer period of time. In projecting a CPI increase of around 4%, we have taken into account imported inflation, rising costs of factors of production, and people's ability to absorb the impact of price increases, while leaving room for the effect of price reforms.

綜合考慮各方面情況，要繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，根據(jù)形勢(shì)變化適時(shí)適度預(yù)調(diào)微調(diào)，進(jìn)一步提高政策的針對(duì)性、靈活性和前瞻性。

Taking into consideration all relevant factors, we will continue to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, carry out timely and appropriate anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning, and make our policies more targeted, flexible, and anticipatory.

繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策。保持適度的財(cái)政赤字和國(guó)債規(guī)模。今年擬安排財(cái)政赤字8000億元，赤字率下降到1．5%左右，其中中央財(cái)政赤字5500億元，代發(fā)地方債2500億元。優(yōu)化財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)、突出重點(diǎn)，更加注重向民生領(lǐng)域傾斜，加大對(duì)教育、文化、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、就業(yè)、社會(huì)保障、保障性安居工程等方面的投入。更加注重加強(qiáng)薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，加大對(duì)“三農(nóng)”、欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)、科技創(chuàng)新和節(jié)能環(huán)保、水利、地質(zhì)找礦等的支持。更加注重勤儉節(jié)約，嚴(yán)格控制“三公經(jīng)費(fèi)”，大力精簡(jiǎn)會(huì)議和文件，深化公務(wù)用車制度改革，進(jìn)一步降低行政成本。繼續(xù)控制樓堂館所建設(shè)規(guī)模和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，壓縮大型運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)場(chǎng)館建設(shè)投入。全面加強(qiáng)對(duì)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域、重點(diǎn)部門和重點(diǎn)資金的審計(jì)。實(shí)施結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅。認(rèn)真落實(shí)和完善支持小型微型企業(yè)和個(gè)體工商戶發(fā)展的各項(xiàng)稅收優(yōu)惠政策，開(kāi)展?fàn)I業(yè)稅改征增值稅試點(diǎn)。繼續(xù)對(duì)行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi)和政府性基金進(jìn)行清理、整合和規(guī)范。加強(qiáng)地方政府性債務(wù)管理和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范。按照分類管理、區(qū)別對(duì)待、逐步化解的原則，繼續(xù)妥善處理存量債務(wù)。進(jìn)一步清理規(guī)范地方政府融資平臺(tái)公司。堅(jiān)決禁止各級(jí)政府以各種形式違規(guī)擔(dān)保、承諾。同時(shí)，把短期應(yīng)對(duì)措施和長(zhǎng)期制度建設(shè)結(jié)合起來(lái)，嚴(yán)格控制地方政府新增債務(wù)，將地方政府債務(wù)收支分類納入預(yù)算管理。

We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy. We will keep the deficit and government debt at appropriate levels. This year, we are projecting a deficit of 800 billion yuan, a decrease to around 1.5% of GDP, which consists of a 550 billion yuan central government deficit and 250 billion yuan of bonds issued on behalf of local governments. We will improve the structure of expenditures and give priority to spending in key areas. We will increase spending on areas which are important to the people's wellbeing, such as education, culture, medical and health care, employment, social security, and low-income housing projects. We will pay greater attention to strengthening weak links, and increase funding for agriculture, rural areas, farmers, underdeveloped areas, scientific and technological innovation, energy conservation, environmental protection, water conservancy, and geological prospecting. We will be more economical; strictly restrict spending on official overseas trips, vehicles for official use, and official hospitality; greatly reduce meetings and documents; deepen reform of the system for the use of official cars; and further reduce administrative costs. We will continue to restrict the construction of office buildings in terms of both size and grades, and reduce spending on building large gymnasiums and stadiums. We will also comprehensively strengthen auditing of key areas, sectors, and funds. We will introduce structural tax reductions. We will fully implement and improve all preferential tax policies to support the development of small, micro and individually owned businesses, and carry out pilot projects to replace business tax with VAT. We will continue to investigate the collection and use of administrative fees and operations of government-managed funds, merge them where necessary, and ensure fees are collected and government-managed funds are operated in a standardized way. We will strengthen supervision of local government debt and guard against risks. We will continue to deal with outstanding debts properly by classifying them into different categories and managing them accordingly, dealing with different situations differently, and resolving problems gradually. We will further investigate and standardize financing companies run by local governments. Governments at all levels are prohibited from making guarantees and promises in this respect in violation of laws and regulations. At the same time, we will both take short-term measures and build permanent systems, strictly limit new local government debt, and place revenue and expenditures of local government debt under budgetary management on the basis of their type.

繼續(xù)實(shí)施穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。按照總量適度、審慎靈活的要求，兼顧促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、保持物價(jià)穩(wěn)定和防范金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。綜合運(yùn)用各種貨幣政策工具，調(diào)節(jié)好貨幣信貸供求，保持社會(huì)融資規(guī)模合理增長(zhǎng)。廣義貨幣預(yù)期增長(zhǎng)14%。優(yōu)化信貸結(jié)構(gòu)，支持國(guó)家重點(diǎn)在建、續(xù)建項(xiàng)目和保障性安居工程建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)符合產(chǎn)業(yè)政策、有市場(chǎng)需求的企業(yè)特別是小型微型企業(yè)的信貸支持，切實(shí)降低實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)融資成本。繼續(xù)嚴(yán)格控制對(duì)高耗能、高污染和產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩行業(yè)的貸款。完善人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制，增強(qiáng)人民幣匯率雙向浮動(dòng)彈性，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩(wěn)定。大力發(fā)展外匯市場(chǎng)，豐富外匯產(chǎn)品，為市場(chǎng)主體提供更多的匯率避險(xiǎn)工具，管好用好外匯儲(chǔ)備。建立健全系統(tǒng)性金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范和監(jiān)管協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，增強(qiáng)抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力。加強(qiáng)跨境資本流動(dòng)監(jiān)控。規(guī)范各類借貸行為，引導(dǎo)民間融資健康發(fā)展。

We will continue to implement a prudent monetary policy. We aim to promote steady and robust economic development, keep prices stable, and guard against financial risks by keeping the total money and credit supply at an appropriate level, and taking a cautious yet flexible approach. We will employ a full range of monetary policy tools, appropriately adjust the supply and demand of money and credit, and maintain proper growth of financing from nongovernment sources. The broad money supply is projected to increase by 14%. We will improve the credit structure, support key state projects that are under construction or expansion and low-income housing projects, and increase credit support to enterprises, especially small and micro businesses, whose operations are in accordance with industrial policies and whose products have market demand. We will effectively reduce the financing costs of the real economy, and continue to strictly restrict loans to industries that are energy intensive, have high emissions or possess excess production capacity. We will improve the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, make the floating exchange rate regime more flexible, and keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level. We will vigorously develop the foreign exchange market, diversify foreign exchange products, and provide more tools for market participants to hedge foreign exchange risks. We will manage and utilize our foreign exchange reserves well. We will set up a sound mechanism for preventing systemic financial risks and for coordinating financial oversight and supervision to strengthen our ability to withstand risks. We will tighten oversight on cross-border flows of capital, standardize all types of lending activities, and guide the sound development of private financing.

全面做好今年的工作，必須堅(jiān)持突出主題、貫穿主線、統(tǒng)籌兼顧、協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)，把穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)、控物價(jià)、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、抓改革、促和諧更好地結(jié)合起來(lái)。穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)，就是要堅(jiān)持?jǐn)U大內(nèi)需、穩(wěn)定外需，大力發(fā)展實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)，努力克服國(guó)內(nèi)外各種不穩(wěn)定不確定因素的影響，及時(shí)解決苗頭性、傾向性問(wèn)題，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行?？匚飪r(jià)，就是要繼續(xù)采取綜合措施，保持物價(jià)總水平基本穩(wěn)定，防止價(jià)格走勢(shì)反彈。調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，就是要有扶有控，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量和效益，增強(qiáng)發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性和可持續(xù)性?；菝裆?，就是要堅(jiān)持把保障改善民生作為工作的根本出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)，把促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義放在更加突出的位置，切實(shí)辦成一些讓人民群眾得實(shí)惠的好事實(shí)事。抓改革，就是要以更大的決心和氣力推進(jìn)改革開(kāi)放，著力解決影響經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)長(zhǎng)期健康發(fā)展的體制性、結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾，在一些重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)取得新突破。以開(kāi)放促改革、促發(fā)展、促創(chuàng)新。促和諧，就是要正確處理改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定三者關(guān)系，積極有效化解各種矛盾和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患，防止局部性問(wèn)題演變成全局性問(wèn)題，促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定。

To ensure success in all our work this year, we must uphold the theme of scientific development, take transforming the pattern of economic development as the main thread, adopt a holistic approach, and coordinate all our work. We must coordinate efforts to achieve steady growth, control prices, adjust the economic structure, improve the people's wellbeing, implement reform, and promote harmony.

To achieve steady growth, we will continue to expand domestic demand and keep foreign demand stable, vigorously develop the real economy, work hard to counter the impact of various factors of instability and uncertainty at home and abroad, promptly resolve emerging issues that signal unfavorable trends, and maintain stable economic performance.

To control prices, we will continue to take comprehensive measures to maintain basic overall price stability and prevent a rebound of inflation.

To adjust the economic structure, we will support development in some areas while limiting growth in others, improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth, and make development more coordinated and sustainable.

To improve the people's wellbeing, we will continue to take ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing as the fundamental starting point and goal of our work, give higher priority to promoting social fairness and justice, and take a number of initiatives that will bring substantive benefits to the people.

To implement reform, we will carry out reform and opening up with greater determination and effort, solve institutional and structural problems that hinder long-term sound economic and social development, and make breakthroughs in key areas and crucial links. We will spur reform, development and innovation through opening up.

To promote harmony, we will properly balance reform, development, and stability; effectively defuse various types of conflicts, risks, and dangers; prevent isolated problems from growing into major ones; and promote social harmony and stability.