世界衛(wèi)生組織或?qū)ⅰ坝螒蛘系K”列為精神疾病
中國日報網(wǎng) 2017-12-28 11:02
世界衛(wèi)生組織將于明年更新國際疾病分類名單,此次名單修訂擬將“游戲障礙”列為精神疾病的一種。
A child indulges in a popular game online. To protect kids from potential harm, some game companies try to limit their playing time to an hour per day. [Photo provided to China Daily] |
The World Health Organization is considering adding "gaming disorder" to the list of mental health conditions in its next update of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), according to a beta draft of the document.
世界衛(wèi)生組織擬在更新版的國際疾病分類草案中,將“游戲障礙”列為精神疾病。
在該草案的描述中,沉迷游戲的行為需符合以下三個特征才可能被歸為“游戲障礙”(gaming disorder):
if a person loses control over their gaming habits,
對游戲行為失去控制力,
if they start to prioritize gaming over many other interests or activities,
游戲為先,其他的愛好和活動都為游戲讓路,
if they continue playing despite clear negative consequences.
出現(xiàn)明顯的負(fù)面影響之后,仍然堅持玩游戲。
而且,這樣的游戲行為在個人、家庭、社交、教育、職場以及其他重要領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的不良影響(to result in significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational or other important areas of functioning),才會被歸為精神疾病(mental health problem)。
對于游戲成癮是否該被歸為疾病在心理學(xué)界一直都有爭論。最大的問題是,花很多時間打游戲和游戲成癮這兩種行為很難界定(hard to distinguish between simply spending a lot of time playing games and actual addictive behavior)。而且,有些抑郁癥或者焦慮癥患者可能會用打游戲或者酗酒等方式緩解抑郁癥狀。因此,這其中的利弊也要根據(jù)實際情況來判定。
此前也有研究顯示,玩游戲可以幫助釋放壓力、提升解決問題的能力以及眼手協(xié)調(diào)能力(enhance eye-hand coordination)。
【相關(guān)詞匯】
精神疾病 mental health problems
國際疾病分類 International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
成癮行為 addictive behavior
藥物濫用 drug abuse
癮君子 drug addict
(中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津 馬文英)