6月，上合組織領導人峰會在青島舉行；美朝兩國領導人在新加坡進行首次會晤，并發(fā)表聯合聲明；國家主席習近平向俄羅斯總統普京授予中華人民共和國首枚“友誼勛章”；俄羅斯世界杯開賽，東道主首場大勝，衛(wèi)冕冠軍爆冷出局；個人所得稅法修正案草案提請人大常委會審議；我國啟動空氣污染防控督查；美國宣布退出聯合國人權理事會。

友誼勛章 Friendship Medal

President Xi Jinping awarded his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin the first-ever Friendship Medal of the People's Republic of China.

國家主席習近平向俄羅斯總統普京授予中華人民共和國首枚“友誼勛章”。

根據《中華人民共和國國家勛章和國家榮譽稱號法》，國家設立中華人民共和國“友誼勛章”（Friendship Medal），授予為我國社會主義現代化建設和促進中外交流合作、維護世界和平作出杰出貢獻的外國人（foreigners who have made outstanding contributions to China's socialist modernization drive, in promoting exchange and cooperation between China and the world, and in safeguarding world peace），為國家最高榮譽（the highest state honor）。

The introduction of the Friendship Medal is designed to convey the basic ideas of friendship, peace, fairness, and justice to the world by setting up models of friendship between China and foreign countries, and to promote the world's understanding of China.

設立頒授中華人民共和國“友誼勛章”，旨在通過樹立中外友誼典范，向世界傳遞友誼和平、公平正義等基本理念，增進世界對中國的了解。

中華人民共和國“友誼勛章”章體以金色、藍色為主色調，采用和平鴿、地球、握手、荷花（a peace dove, the Earth, a handshake, and a lotus）等元素，章鏈采用中國結、萬年青、牡丹花、玉璧、蘭草等元素（the chain features elements such as Chinese knots, evergreens, peonies, a jade disc and orchids），整體采用花絲鑲嵌（filigree and inlay）、掐絲琺瑯（cloisonne）等傳統工藝手工制作。

The design symbolizes the lasting friendship and solidarity between the Chinese people and the people of all other countries, as well as the hope for common prosperity and development around the world.

設計制作象征中國人民同各國人民友好團結、友誼長存，祝愿世界各國共同繁榮發(fā)展。

上海精神 the Shanghai Spirit

國家主席習近平10日上午在山東青島出席上海合作組織成員國元首理事會第十八次會議并發(fā)表重要講話。

習近平說，當前，世界發(fā)展既充滿希望，也面臨挑戰(zhàn)，我們的未來無比光明，但前方的道路不會平坦。我們要進一步弘揚"上海精神(the Shanghai Spirit)"，破解時代難題，化解風險挑戰(zhàn)(further carry forward the Shanghai Spirit to surmount difficulties, defuse risks and meet challenges)。

他提出，

We should uphold innovative, coordinated, green, open and inclusive development, achieve coordinated social and economic progress of various countries and resolve issues caused by unbalanced development. We should bridge the gap in development and promote shared prosperity.

我們要提倡創(chuàng)新、協調、綠色、開放、共享的發(fā)展觀，實現各國經濟社會協同進步，解決發(fā)展不平衡帶來的問題，縮小發(fā)展差距，促進共同繁榮。

We should pursue common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security. We should reject the Cold War mentality and confrontation between blocks and oppose the practices of seeking absolute security of oneself at the expense of the security of other countries, so as to achieve security of all.

我們要踐行共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)的安全觀，摒棄冷戰(zhàn)思維、集團對抗，反對以犧牲別國安全換取自身絕對安全的做法，實現普遍安全。

We need to promote open and inclusive cooperation for win-win outcomes. We should reject self-centered, short-sighted and closed-door policies. We should uphold WTO rules and support the multilateral trading system so as to build an open world economy.

我們要秉持開放、融通、互利、共贏的合作觀，拒絕自私自利、短視封閉的狹隘政策，維護世界貿易組織規(guī)則，支持多邊貿易體制，構建開放型世界經濟。

Equality, mutual learning, dialogue and inclusiveness between cultures should be championed, so that we overcome cultural misunderstanding, clash and supremacy through exchanges, mutual learning and coexistence.

我們要樹立平等、互鑒、對話、包容的文明觀，以文明交流超越文明隔閡，以文明互鑒超越文明沖突，以文明共存超越文明優(yōu)越。

We should adhere to extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits in global governance, steadily reform and improve the global governance system, and push all countries to jointly build a community with a shared future for humanity.

我們要堅持共商共建共享的全球治理觀，不斷改革完善全球治理體系，推動各國攜手建設人類命運共同體。

習近平在講話中說，

"上海精神"是我們共同的財富，上海合作組織是我們共同的家園(the Shanghai Spirit is our shared asset, and the SCO is our shared home)。我們要繼續(xù)在"上海精神"指引下，同舟共濟，精誠合作，齊心協力構建上海合作組織命運共同體(to build an SCO community with a shared future)，推動建設新型國際關系，攜手邁向持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁榮、開放包容、清潔美麗的世界(build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity)。

為此，他提出以下建議：

SCO member states should build up strength of unity and mutual trust.

第一，凝聚團結互信的強大力量。

SCO member states should strengthen the foundation for shared peace and security.

第二，筑牢和平安全的共同基礎。

SCO members need to build a powerful engine to achieve common development.

第三，打造共同發(fā)展繁榮的強勁引擎。

Member states of the SCO should forge closer ties through people-to-people and cultural exchanges.

第四，拉緊人文交流合作的共同紐帶。

SCO member states need to expand partnership networks of international cooperation.

第五，共同拓展國際合作的伙伴網絡。

特金會 Trump-Kim meeting

6月12日，美國總統特朗普與朝鮮最高領導人金正恩在新加坡圣淘沙島上的嘉佩樂酒店舉行首次會晤。

It is the first-ever meeting between a DPRK leader and a sitting US president.

這是有史以來朝鮮領導人與美國在任總統的首次會晤。

They shook hands and held a 40-minute one-on-one meeting, before proceeding to an expanded meeting and a working lunch with their aides.

兩人握手之后進行了40分鐘的單獨會晤，隨后與各自的助理人員一起進行了大范圍會談，并共進工作午餐。

The US leader described the one-on-one session as "very, very good." During the face-to-face talks, Trump said he had an "excellent relationship" with Kim.

特朗普表示單獨會晤“非常非常好”，期間，他還稱與金正恩“關系很好”。

The DPRK leader said he and Trump came here after overcoming "all the obstacles" such as old prejudice and practices that had stood in their way forward.

金正恩表示，過去的偏見和慣例是阻礙兩國之間實現會晤的障礙，雙方克服了“各種障礙”才走到今天。

Predicting a tremendous success of the summit with the DPRK leader, Trump said that it was "an honor" to meet face-to-face with Kim and that he would have "a terrific relationship" with the DPRK leader.

特朗普預言此次會晤會很成功，他表示，很榮幸能夠與金正恩進行面對面會晤，他會跟朝鮮領導人有“特別好的關系”。

"Working together, we will get it taken care of," Trump said at the beginning of expanded discussions, forecasting that he and Kim will solve "a big problem and a big dilemma."

在大范圍會談開始時，特朗普表示：“我們會一起努力解決問題”，并預言他和金正恩會解決“重大問題和主要困境”。

Kim said he will "cooperate with President Trump to resolve the challenges ahead" and to overcome the skepticism and speculations about their summit.

金正恩表示，他會“與特朗普總統合作解決即將到來的挑戰(zhàn)”，并應對關于此次會晤的質疑和猜測。

工作午餐之后，雙方領導人簽署了一份協議。

Trump and Kim signed a document on Tuesday afternoon, a document that Trump described as "very important" and "very comprehensive”.

當日下午，特朗普和金正恩簽署了一份協議，特朗普稱這份協議“非常重要、非常全面”。

Kim declares "world will see a major change" and he and Trump "decided to leave the past behind" as they sign document.

簽署協議時，金正恩表示，“全世界將會看到巨大的變化”，并表示，他和特朗普“決定放下過去?！?/p>

A joint statement signed by Trump and Kim. [Photo/Agencies]

雙方在協議中做出如下聲明：

1. The United States and the DPRK commit to establish new US-DPRK relations in accordance with the desire of the peoples of the two countries for peace and prosperity.

依照朝鮮和美國兩國人民對和平和繁榮的期望，美國與朝鮮人民民主主義共和國將建立新型朝美關系。

2. The United States and the DPRK will join their efforts to build a lasting and stable peace regime on the Korean Peninsula.

美國與朝鮮人民民主主義共和國將會共同努力為朝鮮半島帶來長久和穩(wěn)定的和平。

3. Reaffirming the April 27, 2018 Panmunjom Declaration, the DPRK commits to work towards complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.

重申4月27日在板門店非軍事區(qū)的協定，朝鮮承諾繼續(xù)進行完成朝鮮半島無核化的進程。

4. The United States and the DPRK commit to recovering POW/MIA remains, including the immediate repatriation of those already identified.

朝鮮和美國承諾找回戰(zhàn)俘/失蹤人口（POW/MIA）遺體，包括立刻送返已經確認身份的遺體。

6月12日中午，國務委員兼外交部長王毅對記者表示，全世界高度關注正在新加坡舉行的朝美領導人會晤。

兩國相互對立甚至敵對半個多世紀，今天，兩國的最高領導人能夠坐在一起，進行平等對話，這本身就具有重大和積極的意義，就是在創(chuàng)造新的歷史（It is important and positive for the top leaders of the two countries to sit down and conduct equal talks , which is creating a new history）。中方對此當然歡迎和支持，因為這是中方一直期待和努力的目標。

我們希望朝美領導人排除干擾，建立互信，克服困難，就推進和實現半島無核化、推進并建立半島和平機制達成基本共識，邁出實質性步伐（result in substantive steps toward denuclearization and the establishment of a peace mechanism on the Korean Peninsula）。

王毅希望有關各方都能為此做出努力，強調中方也將繼續(xù)發(fā)揮建設性作用（China will continue to play a constructive role in this regard）。

共享護士 nurse sharing

With featured services like “nurse sharing”, it is said to benefit medical professionals who are often underpaid, and bypass non-urgent hospital visits for patients. This is especially the case among the aging population, those with chronic diseases and people in need of care after being discharged from the hospital.

據稱，有“共享護士”特色服務的app既能讓收入偏低的醫(yī)護人員受益，也能讓病人省去非緊急情況下跑醫(yī)院的麻煩。這種情況在老齡人口、慢性病患者以及出院需要護理的人群中尤其適用。

“共享護士（nurse sharing）”是分享經濟（sharing economy）大潮中的一個新成員，操作方式與其他共享類服務app相似，也是線上預約（making appointment online），線下服務（offering service offline）。需要護理和服務的患者在平臺登記注冊并上傳用藥處方后根據需求下單，另一邊注冊并通過審核的護士搶單或者由系統派單。

“共享護士”提供的服務包括上門打針輸液（injection and IV）、靜脈采血（blood draw）、外科傷口換藥（wound dressing change）、灌腸（coloclysis）、吸痰導尿（aspiration of sputum and urethral catheterization）、鼻飼（nasal feeding）護理及指導等10多項。

低頭族專用道 special walkway for phubbers

The one-meter-wide, 100-meter-long track is painted in red, blue, and green, with pictures of mobile phones and the words "special walkway for phubbers" in Chinese.

這條寬1米長100米的通道被漆成紅、藍、綠色相間，上面還有一個手機的圖標，并用中文寫著“低頭族專用通道”。

Phubber（低頭族）這個詞來源于phubbing，phubbing是 phone和snubbing（冷落）的合成詞，意思就是因為有了手機就冷落了周邊的人和事（snubbing anyone and anything else in favor of a mobile phone）。

該通道一經曝光即引發(fā)爭議，有人認為：在路上低頭玩手機本身就非常危險，設立“低頭族專用通道”可能會鼓勵和縱容這種行為。

該通道建設方則表示，他們鋪設“低頭族專用通道”，主要是為了警示“低頭族”。

The walking path is a good way of reminding people to put their phones away and pay attention to their surroundings for their own safety and the safety of others.

這條通道對人們有很好的提醒作用，讓他們收起手機，為了自己和他人的安全多關注周邊的環(huán)境。

燃油附加費 fuel surcharge

Chinese air carriers announced on Monday the resumption of a fuel surcharge on domestic routes starting June 5.

4日，國內多家航空公司均宣布自本月5日起恢復征收國內航線燃油附加費。

自5日起，國航(Air China)、東航、海航、上航、春秋航空(Spring Airlines)、深圳航空、西部航空(West Air)、奧凱航空等多家航空公司正式恢復征收國內航線的燃油附加費(fuel surcharge)。上述航空公司已在官網上發(fā)布了調整國內航線燃油附加費的通知。通知顯示，5日(出票日期/旅行日期)起，800公里(含)以下及800公里以上航線每人收取燃油附加費10元(charge an additional 10 yuan for each adult ticket on routes both shorter and longer than 800 km)。

一名航空公司內部人員(airline company insider)稱，復征燃油附加費的主要原因是國際油價高企(high international oil prices)，以及航空公司成本增加(airlines' increasing costs)。2015年2月燃油附加費停止征收(the end of fuel surcharges)后，國家發(fā)改委和民航總局曾規(guī)定，將收取民航國內航線旅客運輸燃油附加依據的航空煤油基礎價格(base price of aviation kerosene for civil airlines)，由當時每噸4140元提高到每噸5000元，即國內航空煤油綜合采購成本超過每噸5000元時，航空公司可收取燃油附加費(when the jet fuel price surpasses 5,000 yuan per ton, airlines could levy a new surcharge)。

空氣污染防控督查 air pollution control inspections

The country's top environmental watchdog will dispatch about 18,000 law enforcement officers to conduct air pollution control inspections in three key areas starting on Monday.

6月11日起，生態(tài)環(huán)境部將派出1.8萬人次在三個重點區(qū)域進行空氣污染防控督查。

今年的督查主題為“藍天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)（Blue Sky Protection Campaign）”，重點對京津冀（Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region）及周邊“2+26”城市、汾謂平原（Fenhe and Weihe plains）11城市，以及長三角地區(qū)（the Yangtze River Delta）等重點區(qū)域持續(xù)開展大氣污染防治強化督查。

據了解，這些重點區(qū)域雖然當前空氣質量繼續(xù)改善，但個別地區(qū)污染仍然較重。

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is still the area with the worst air quality in the country.

京津冀地區(qū)仍然是全國環(huán)境空氣質量最差的地區(qū)。

Hebei, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces and Tianjin saw no more than 60 percent of days last year with fairly good air quality. And the situation in the Fenhe and Weihe river valleys is deteriorating, not improving.

河北、山西、天津、河南、山東5?。ㄊ校﹥?yōu)良天氣比例仍不到60%，汾渭平原更是近年來大氣污染不降反升。

此次強化督查將分三個階段，圍繞產業(yè)結構（industrial structure）、能源結構（energy structure）、運輸結構（transportation structure）和用地結構（land use structure）4項重點任務，檢查“散亂污”企業(yè)（poorly managed - and polluting - small enterprises）綜合整治情況、工業(yè)企業(yè)環(huán)境問題治理情況、清潔取暖（clean energy heating）及燃煤替代（coal substitution）情況等。

企業(yè)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險金中央調劑制度 central adjustment system for basic pension funds of enterprise employees

China will establish a central adjustment system for basic pension funds of enterprise employees to balance payment burdens of local governments, according to an official document.

《通知》表示，我國將建立企業(yè)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險金中央調劑制度，以均衡地方政府的養(yǎng)老金負擔。

《通知》明確，建立養(yǎng)老保險基金中央調劑制度（a central adjustment system for basic pension funds）的主要內容是，在現行企業(yè)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險省級統籌基礎上，建立養(yǎng)老保險中央調劑基金，對各省份養(yǎng)老保險基金進行適度調劑（a central adjustment fund will be set up to regulate pension funds in various provincial regions），確?；攫B(yǎng)老金按時足額發(fā)放（help guarantee timely and complete payments to retirees）。

一是中央調劑基金由各省份養(yǎng)老保險基金上解的資金構成（the adjustment fund draws a certain portion from the provincial capital pool），按照各省份職工平均工資的90%和在職應參保人數作為計算上解額的基數，上解比例從3%起步，逐步提高。

二是中央調劑基金實行以收定支（distribution of the adjustment fund will be based on scale of the capital pool），當年籌集的資金按照人均定額撥付的辦法全部撥付地方。

三是中央調劑基金納入中央級社會保障基金財政專戶（the adjustment fund is managed by a special account of the central social security fund），實行收支兩條線管理，專款專用，不得用于平衡財政預算。

四是現行中央財政補助政策和補助方式不變（the central government will continue supporting local governments in pension distributions），省級政府要切實承擔確?；攫B(yǎng)老金按時足額發(fā)放和彌補養(yǎng)老保險基金缺口的主體責任。

世界杯 World Cup

This year's Football World Cup has opened in spectacular fashion, with the host Russians routing Saudi Arabia 5-0, recording the biggest win by the host nation in the opening game of a World Cup since 1934.

今年的世界杯足球錦標賽以令人嘆為觀止的方式拉開了帷幕。東道主俄羅斯以5:0的成績打敗沙特阿拉伯，刷新自1934年以來主辦國在世界杯揭幕戰(zhàn)中獲得的最大勝利。

在此前進行的7場比賽中俄羅斯無一獲勝(have not won in their past seven matches)。但在莫斯科盧日尼基體育場(Luzhniki Stadium)約7.8萬粉絲的觀戰(zhàn)下，俄羅斯對陣沙特阿拉伯易如反掌(Russia had little trouble against the Saudis)。

比賽過程中，數位俄羅斯戰(zhàn)將頗為勇猛，幫助祖國贏得出線小組賽的機會(help Russia's chances of qualifying from the group stage)。俄羅斯此次獲勝也使得世界杯(World Cup)史上的"揭幕戰(zhàn)東道主不敗(host nation not losing the opening match)"定律得以延續(xù)。

接下來，俄羅斯將迎戰(zhàn)薩拉赫領銜的埃及隊(Russia will play Egypt led by Mohamed Salah next)和實力更強的烏拉圭隊。雖然收獲開門紅(win the first game)，但面對更加強大的對手，在14日晚的狂歡過后，俄羅斯還需重新開始。

個稅改革 reform of personal income tax

China's top legislature is revising the personal income tax code in a sweeping overhaul of the tax system. Specific personal income tax changes that aim to reduce taxpayer burdens and boost consumption are expected after the proposed changes receive regulatory approval.

全國人大常委會正在審議個人所得稅法，這是稅收制度的一次大調整。此次提交審議的草案通過后，有望出臺減輕納稅人負擔、刺激消費等個人所得稅具體改革措施。

個人所得稅法修正案草案的亮點有：

起征點提高 raise the threshold

The draft amendment raises the threshold for personal income tax from 3,500 yuan to 5,000 yuan per month, or 60,000 yuan per year.

草案將個稅起征點由之前的3500元上調至5000元/月（6萬元/年）。

專項附加扣除 special expense deductions

The draft amendment adds special expense deductions for items like children's education, continuing education, treatment for serious diseases, as well as housing loan interest and rent.

草案首次增加子女教育支出、繼續(xù)教育支出、大病醫(yī)療支出、住房貸款利息和住房租金等專項附加扣除。

稅率變化 changes in tax rates

擴大3%、10%、20%三檔低稅率的級距，3%稅率的級距擴大一倍，現行稅率為10%的部分所得的稅率降為3%；大幅擴大10%稅率的級距，現行稅率為20%的所得，以及現行稅率為25%的部分所得的稅率降為10%；現行稅率為25%的部分所得的稅率降為20%；相應縮小25%稅率的級距，30%、35%、45%這三檔較高稅率的級距保持不變。

If the revisions are adopted, those whose monthly salary ranges from 5,000 yuan to 20,000 yuan will see their tax cut by over 50 percent and those whose monthly salary ranges from 20,000 to 80,000 will see their tax cut by 10 to 50 percent.

如果草案通過，月收入在5000元至2萬元之間的人納稅額將減半，月收入在2萬元至8萬元之間的人納稅額將減少10%到50%。

綜合征稅 comprehensive income taxation

現行個人所得稅法采用“分類征稅”方式，即將應稅所得分為11類，實行不同征稅辦法。草案將11類中的4類，即工資薪金（salary）、勞務報酬（remuneration for personal service）、稿酬（remuneration）、特許權使用費（royalty）等4項勞動性所得納入綜合征稅范圍，適用統一的超額累進稅率。

反避稅條款 anti-tax avoidance clause

The draft amendment also adds an anti-tax avoidance clause, empowering tax authorities to adjust tax rates when individuals transfer property in violation of independent trading. Individuals will also be subject to the clause when they evade taxes through overseas tax havens or obtain improper tax benefits by organizing unlawful commercial activities.

草案增加了反避稅規(guī)定，針對個人不按獨立交易原則轉讓財產、在境外避稅地避稅、實施不合理商業(yè)安排獲取不當稅收利益等避稅行為，賦予稅務機關按合理方法進行納稅調整的權力。

聯合國人權理事會 United Nations Human Rights Council

The Trump administration withdrew from the United Nations Human Rights Council on Tuesday in protest of what it perceives as an entrenched bias against Israel and a willingness to allow notorious human rights abusers as members.

周二特朗普政府退出聯合國人權理事會，以此抗議所謂的人權理事會對以色列根深蒂固的偏見和允許臭名昭著的人權施虐者成為成員。

黑莉在發(fā)布會上指責聯合國人權理事會已經成了“藏污納垢之地”：

"For too long," Haley said, "the Human Rights Council has been a protector of human rights abusers, and a cesspool of political bias."

“長久以來，人權理事會已經成了人權施虐者的保護者，是政治偏見的藏污納垢之地”。

她還表示，美國“退群行為”不是在人權方面的退卻：

“I want to make it crystal clear that this step is not a retreat from our human rights commitments,” she said. “On the contrary. We take this step because our commitment does not allow us to remain a part of a hypocritical and self-serving organization that makes a mockery of human rights.”

“我要明確的是，此舉不是我們在人權承諾方面的退卻，恰恰相反，我們這么做正是因為自己的承諾不允許我們再留在這個虛偽自私的組織，該組織是對人權的嘲諷啊?！?/p>

不過，美國“退群”將使以色列陷入尷尬……此前，美國一直是以色列在人權理事會的主要辯護者。

A U.S. departure deprives Israel of its chief defender at a forum where Israel’s human rights record comes up for discussion at every meeting.

美國的退出讓以色列在人權理事會失去了主要辯護者，而人權理事會每次會議都會把以色列人權紀錄拎到桌面上談。

此外值得一提的是，美國口口聲聲指責人權理事會，但自己卻因為“零容忍”的移民政策受到廣泛譴責……

就在美國決定退群前一天，聯合國人權事務高級官員扎伊德·拉阿德·侯賽因還批評了特朗普政府的移民政策，指責美國政府虐待兒童。

The decision came a day after the U.N. human rights chief slammed the administration’s policy of separating migrant parents from their children after they enter the United States at the Mexican border, calling it “unconscionable” and akin to child abuse.

據BBC報道，今年5月以來，美墨邊境數千名移民兒童被強行從父母身邊帶走，骨肉分離的悲劇引發(fā)各界強烈不滿。

US immigration officials say 2,342 children have been separated from 2,206 parents from 5 May to 9 June amid a "zero-tolerance" crackdown on illegal immigration brought in by US Attorney General Jeff Sessions.

對于美國退出聯合國人權理事會的行為，聯合國秘書長古特雷斯表示遺憾。

UN Secretary-General António Guterres, in a statement released through his spokesman, responded by saying he would have "much preferred" the US to remain in the council.

作為最愛退群的總統，自特朗普上任以來，美國已經接連退出跨太平洋伙伴關系協議（TPP）、巴黎氣候協定、聯合國教科文組織，以及伊朗核問題全面協議等……

中國農民豐收節(jié) Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival

Chinese Farmers' Harvest Festival, the first in China created specially for farmers, reflects the high priority the central government places on agriculture, rural areas and rural people, as well as its determination to see a thriving agricultural industry, beautiful countryside and well-off farmers.

“中國農民豐收節(jié)”是第一個專為農民設立的節(jié)日。設立這一節(jié)日反映了黨中央對“三農”工作高度重視，以及確保農業(yè)繁榮、農村美麗、農民富足的決心。

為何將“中國農民豐收節(jié)”設立在秋分（autumn equinox）？

農業(yè)農村部部長韓長賦透露主要是基于三方面的考慮。

從節(jié)氣上看，春種秋收，春華秋實，秋分時節(jié)碩果累累，最能體現豐收（it's the best time to celebrate the harvest）。

從區(qū)域上看，我國地域遼闊、物產豐富，各地收獲的時節(jié)有所不同，但多數地方都在秋季（Although climates and crops differ in various parts of China, most crops mature in autumn），秋收作物是大頭。

從民俗上看，我們國家有十幾個少數民族有慶祝豐收的傳統節(jié)日（ethnic groups in China have their own festivals at harvest time），大多都在下半年。在國家層面設立一個各民族共同參與、共慶豐收的節(jié)日，有利于促進中華民族大家庭的和睦團結和發(fā)展（to enhance harmony and development of the Chinese nation）。

“中國農民豐收節(jié)”會有哪些慶?；顒?？

The festival should celebrate farmers, and they are encouraged to think of their own ways to celebrate harvest, Han said.

韓長賦說，這是農民的節(jié)日，鼓勵農民用自己的方式慶祝豐收。

Some activities will be held nationwide, but most of the celebration will take place at a local level derived from local customs, he said, adding that local governments could host various activities for the festival, such as folk culture performances, food tasting, feasting and sightseeing.

會舉辦一些全國性的活動，但大部分慶祝活動都會結合當地的民俗文化展開，當地政府可以組織開展民俗文化表演、食物品嘗、美食及觀光活動。

新精神活性物質 new psychoactive substances

Thirty-four new types of new psychoactive substances, or NPS, were discovered in the past year, bringing the total number of such chemicals to 230.

2017年全年新發(fā)現新精神活性物質34種，國內已累計發(fā)現230余種。

新精神活性物質（new psychoactive substances，NPS），又稱第三代毒品，指為逃避執(zhí)法打擊而對列管毒品進行化學結構修飾所得到的毒品類似物（a range of drugs that have been designed to mimic established illicit drugs），未被國際禁毒公約管制，但具有與管制毒品相似或更強的興奮、致幻或麻痹效果（induce a similar or stronger psychoactive effect）。此前我們說過的“笑氣（laughing gas）”就屬于新精神活性物質。

在毒品濫用（drug abuse）的類型方面，合成毒品（synthetic drugs）濫用仍居首位。

報告顯示，中國毒品來源于境外輸入和國內制造。其中，境外毒品來源主要表現在三個方面：

“金三角”毒品滲透加?。╠rugs smuggled from the Golden Triangle region was on the rise），合成毒品入境增多；

“金新月”毒品產量大幅增長（drug production in the Golden Crescent region has also increased significantly），海洛因走私入境增多；

南美可卡因大宗過境中轉增勢迅猛（international drug traffickers are increasingly using the Chinese mainland as a transit hub for cocaine from South America）。

與此同時，隨著互聯網、物流快遞等新業(yè)態(tài)迅猛發(fā)展，不法分子越來越多地應用現代技術手段，全方位利用陸?？锗]渠道走私販運毒品，販毒手段的科技化、智能化明顯升級。

The Internet has become a platform for traffickers to collude and make transactions.

互聯網成為販毒人員勾連交易的平臺。

毫米波人體成像技術 millimeter wave imaging

Using a technology known as millimeter wave imaging, the security scanner can detect objects hidden under clothing, including nonmetallic objects, and can show their shape, size and position, the administration said.

民航局表示，使用毫米波人體成像技術進行安檢可以檢測出在衣物覆蓋下藏匿的物品，包括非金屬物品，并可以從圖像上獲取隱匿物品的形狀、大小和位置等信息。

毫米波人體成像技術（millimeter wave imaging）是目前全球安防領域的先進技術，已在美國、英國、荷蘭、澳大利亞、日本等國機場用于旅客人身安檢。這是安檢中常用的一種全身掃描（full body scanner）設備，具有對人體無害、穿透力強的特點，其發(fā)射功率不及手機電磁波輻射的千分之一（an emission strength less than 1-thousandth the electromagnetic radiation of a mobile phone），能準確識別人體攜帶物品，有效提高檢查的客觀性、準確性、針對性，降低安檢員的勞動強度，提升安檢效率。

民航局稱，未來，毫米波人體成像設備將逐步取代民用機場沿用26年的金屬探測門（walk-through metal detectors），旅客也將體驗到更加安全、高效的人身安檢服務。

陰陽合同 dual contract

Regulators will tighten scrutiny over contracts signed by television show production companies and the participating celebrities to ensure the stars' pay is reasonable, the notice said.

《通知》指出，管理部門要嚴格規(guī)范電視節(jié)目制作公司與參與節(jié)目的明星簽訂的合同，確保合理片酬。

所謂陰陽合同，就是說同一筆交易簽訂了一陰一陽兩份合同。“陽合同”用于報稅、借貸等官方程序，“陰合同”則用于實際交易。

“陰陽合同”不是娛樂圈的專利，更不是中國人的專利。在中外房地產圈，“陰陽合同”很常見，其對應的英文是：dual contract。

我們來看看英文法律在線詞典對dual contract的釋義：

Dual contract refers to a contract between parties who have made two contracts for the same transaction. Sometimes one contract may be used to defraud another (such as a lender) as to the terms of the parties' actual agreement. This is an illegal or unethical practice of providing two different contracts for the same transaction. Most often, the contract for larger amount is used to apply for a loan and the real contract is for a lower amount.(www. uslegal.com)

陰陽合同指交易雙方針對同一筆交易簽訂兩份合同。有時候，一份合同可能是為了就實際成交協議中的某些條款對另一方（比如貸款出借方）進行欺瞞。同一筆交易有兩份合同是違法且不道德的行為。多數情況下，數額較大的那份合同是為了申請貸款，而實際交易的合同數額通常較低。

很顯然，上述解釋針對的是地產圈的“陰陽合同”，“陽合同”成交數額高于“陰合同”，這樣可以用“陽合同”到銀行申請到更多貸款。而娛樂圈的“陰陽合同”恰好相反，“陽合同”數額較低，用于報稅（tax declaration），而“陰合同”中實際拿到手的片酬更高。除了dual contract以外，我們也可以用double contract來表示“陰陽合同”。

《通知》強調，要制定出臺影視節(jié)目片酬執(zhí)行標準，明確演員和節(jié)目嘉賓最高片酬限額。

It reiterated a guideline released in September requiring all performers or celebrities of a production, which could be a movie, TV show, or an audiovisual production tailored for video-streaming sites to not be paid more than 40 percent of the production's total cost. In addition, the leading cast members' pay must not exceed 70 percent of the total payment to the cast.

嚴格落實已有規(guī)定，每部電影、電視劇、網絡視聽節(jié)目全部演員、嘉賓的總片酬不得超過制作總成本的40%，主要演員片酬不得超過總片酬的70%。

同時還將加大對偷逃稅行為的懲戒力度。

Aside from the effort to fight unhealthy competition of inflating salaries to recruit celebrities, the authorities also will step up punishment against tax cheating and evasion.

堅決糾正高價邀請明星、競逐明星的不良現象，加大對偷逃稅行為的懲戒力度。

Government funds and tax-free, nonprofit foundations are forbidden to invest in movies, TV shows or online productions which feature strong entertainment and commercial characteristics, the notice said.

政府資金、免稅的公益基金等不得參與投資娛樂性、商業(yè)性強的影視劇和網絡視聽節(jié)目。

（中國日報網英語點津 馬文英）