2019年6月4日，在對(duì)俄羅斯聯(lián)邦進(jìn)行國(guó)事訪問(wèn)并出席第二十三屆圣彼得堡國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇前夕，國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平接受俄羅斯塔斯社、《俄羅斯報(bào)》聯(lián)合采訪。全文如下：

問(wèn)：您即將對(duì)俄羅斯進(jìn)行國(guó)事訪問(wèn)并出席第二十三屆圣彼得堡國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇。今年是中俄建交70周年，您和普京總統(tǒng)多次強(qiáng)調(diào)，中俄關(guān)系處于歷史最好時(shí)期。您能否對(duì)當(dāng)前中俄關(guān)系作一個(gè)綜合評(píng)價(jià)？
Q1. President Xi, you are going to pay a state visit to Russia and attend the 23rd St. Petersburg International Economic Forum. This year marks the 70th anniversary of China-Russia diplomatic relations. You and President Putin have often noted that the relationship is at its best in history. Could you give an overall assessment of the current state of our relations?

答：應(yīng)普京總統(tǒng)邀請(qǐng)，我即將對(duì)俄羅斯進(jìn)行國(guó)事訪問(wèn)并出席第二十三屆圣彼得堡國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇。6年前，我當(dāng)選中華人民共和國(guó)主席后，選擇俄羅斯作為首次出訪的第一站，同普京總統(tǒng)一道掀開(kāi)中俄關(guān)系新篇章。6年來(lái)，我7次到訪俄羅斯，每次都見(jiàn)證了兩國(guó)人民深厚情誼，收獲了雙方合作豐碩成果。今天，在中俄迎來(lái)建交70周年的歷史性時(shí)刻，我滿懷對(duì)兩國(guó)關(guān)系美好未來(lái)的期待，再次踏上俄羅斯廣袤美麗的土地。
Xi: At the invitation of President Vladimir Putin, I will soon pay a state visit to Russia and attend the 23rd St. Petersburg International Economic Forum. After I was elected President of the People's Republic of China six years ago, I chose Russia as the first stop of my first overseas trip. During that visit, President Putin and I jointly opened a new chapter of China-Russia relations. Over the past six years, I have paid seven visits to Russia. Every time I was there, I witnessed the deepening of friendship between our two peoples and the productive outcomes of our cooperation. As China and Russia greet the historic moment of the 70th anniversary of our diplomatic relations, I am glad to pay another visit to your vast and beautiful country with great expectations for a brighter future of our bilateral ties.

經(jīng)過(guò)70年發(fā)展，中俄全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系處于歷史最好時(shí)期。兩國(guó)政治互信牢固，在涉及彼此核心利益和重大關(guān)切問(wèn)題上相互堅(jiān)定支持。雙方建立起完備的高層交往和各領(lǐng)域合作機(jī)制，開(kāi)展了內(nèi)容豐富、具有戰(zhàn)略意義的各領(lǐng)域、全方位合作。兩國(guó)人民在共同抗擊法西斯侵略的偉大歲月中結(jié)下深厚的戰(zhàn)斗情誼，歷久彌堅(jiān)，中俄關(guān)系長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展擁有堅(jiān)實(shí)民意支撐。雙方在國(guó)際事務(wù)中開(kāi)展了密切有效的協(xié)調(diào)和配合，為紛繁復(fù)雜的國(guó)際形勢(shì)注入強(qiáng)大正能量。
Indeed, after seven decades of development, China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination is now at its best in history. Our two countries enjoy strong political trust and can always count on each other's firm support on issues concerning our respective core interests and major concerns. Guided and underpinned by full-fledged mechanisms of high-level visits and broad-based cooperation, our two sides have conducted substantive, wide-ranging and all-dimensional cooperation of strategic significance. The long-term development of China-Russia relations is blessed by the strong support of our people, who forged a profound friendship as comrades-in-arms in our great, heroic fight against Fascist aggression. Our two sides have also enjoyed close and effective coordination and collaboration in international affairs, thus contributing tremendous positive energy to a complex and fast-changing world.

站在新的歷史起點(diǎn)上，中俄關(guān)系迎來(lái)新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。面對(duì)兩國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)各自發(fā)展振興的共同需要，面對(duì)兩國(guó)人民追求世代友好的共同心聲，我們有信心、有能力在過(guò)去70年經(jīng)驗(yàn)成果基礎(chǔ)上，推動(dòng)中俄關(guān)系進(jìn)入更高水平、更大發(fā)展的新時(shí)代。
Today, China-Russia relations are standing at a new starting point and facing new opportunities for growth. Building on our two countries' shared aspirations for development and revitalization and responding to our two peoples' shared desire for lasting friendship, we have the confidence and capability to bring our relations to a new era of greater development at a higher level, based on our experience and achievements of the past 70 years.

我們要以鄰為伴，守望相助，相互給予彼此更加堅(jiān)定有力的支持；我們要密切合作，深度融通，實(shí)現(xiàn)兩國(guó)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略更加緊密的對(duì)接，發(fā)展利益更加深層次融合，民心民意更加親密交融；我們要開(kāi)拓創(chuàng)新，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，不斷擴(kuò)大完善雙方合作新領(lǐng)域，確保兩國(guó)關(guān)系始終具有前瞻性、開(kāi)創(chuàng)性、發(fā)展動(dòng)能；我們要勇于擔(dān)當(dāng)，普惠共贏，在國(guó)際事務(wù)中發(fā)揮更大建設(shè)性作用，攜手促進(jìn)世界和平穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展繁榮，惠及世界人民。
Our two countries need to stick together as good neighbors and render each other even stronger support. We need to work closely to seek greater synergy between our development strategies, deeper convergence of our development interests, and closer people-to-people ties. We need to find new areas of cooperation with innovative efforts as called for by the times so that our bilateral relations will always be forward-looking, break new ground, and brim with vigor and vitality. We need to play a more constructive role in international affairs with a great sense of mission and a strong commitment to win-win results, thus jointly promoting peace, stability, development and prosperity for all people of the world.

我期待這次訪問(wèn)俄羅斯期間，同普京總統(tǒng)一道規(guī)劃兩國(guó)關(guān)系未來(lái)發(fā)展，推動(dòng)中俄全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系大踏步邁入新時(shí)代。
In my upcoming visit, I look forward to charting the course of our future relationship together with President Putin and to seeing that our comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination will stride into a new era.

問(wèn)：中國(guó)是俄羅斯最大貿(mào)易伙伴，中俄雙邊貿(mào)易額今年有望達(dá)到什么水平？中俄經(jīng)貿(mào)合作領(lǐng)域有哪些具體項(xiàng)目最具前景？中方將采取哪些舉措加強(qiáng)兩國(guó)地方層面的經(jīng)貿(mào)聯(lián)系？您如何看待中俄經(jīng)貿(mào)合作中存在的問(wèn)題？
Q2. China is Russia's biggest trading partner. What is the expectation for the bilateral trade volume this year? What are the most promising projects in economic cooperation and trade? What measures will China take to strengthen sub-national economic ties? How do you view the problems in bilateral business cooperation?

答：經(jīng)貿(mào)合作是中俄關(guān)系的重要組成部分，是兩國(guó)共同發(fā)展振興的重要保障。近年來(lái)，雙方經(jīng)貿(mào)合作日益深化，成果豐碩，成為國(guó)與國(guó)互利共贏的典范。2018年，雙邊貿(mào)易額突破1000億美元，創(chuàng)歷史新高。在當(dāng)前國(guó)際貿(mào)易和投資低迷、保護(hù)主義加劇的復(fù)雜形勢(shì)下，中俄經(jīng)貿(mào)合作取得顯著成果更顯難能可貴。兩國(guó)政府部門正采取更加積極的措施，爭(zhēng)取將雙邊貿(mào)易額提升到更高水平，推動(dòng)雙邊貿(mào)易高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。
Xi: Economic cooperation and trade, as a key pillar of our relations, is crucial to the common development and revitalization of China and Russia. Such cooperation has been deepening in recent years, producing fruitful outcomes and setting a prime example of mutually beneficial economic engagement. Our bilateral trade reached a record US$100 billion in 2018. These notable results of our business cooperation are especially valuable given the current complex environment of sluggish global trade and investment and surging protectionism in the world. The government departments of our two countries are taking proactive efforts to bring our trade volume to a higher level and promote high-quality development of bilateral trade.

目前，中俄兩國(guó)能源、交通、農(nóng)業(yè)、航空航天等領(lǐng)域重大合作項(xiàng)目正穩(wěn)步實(shí)施，中俄原油管道及其復(fù)線順利運(yùn)營(yíng)，中俄東線天然氣管道即將建成供氣，黑河公路橋、同江鐵路橋成功合龍，遠(yuǎn)程寬體客機(jī)、重型直升機(jī)聯(lián)合研制工作穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)合作成果顯著。可以說(shuō)，在雙方共同努力下，中俄經(jīng)貿(mào)合作已經(jīng)步入發(fā)展的快車道，前景可期。
Our two countries are steadily implementing major cooperation projects in energy, transportation, agriculture, aviation, space and other fields. The crude oil pipeline and its parallel pipeline are operating smoothly. The eastern route of the natural gas pipeline is nearing completion. The Chinese and Russian sections of the Blagoveshchensk-Heihe Highway Bridge and the Nizhneleninskoye-Tongjiang Railway Bridge have been successfully joined. Steady progress is being made in our joint research and development (R&D) of long-range, wide-body passenger aircraft and heavy-lift helicopter. Cooperation on our satellite navigation systems is highly productive. These are concrete examples to show that, through our joint efforts, our economic cooperation has entered a phase of fast development and great promise.

在地方經(jīng)貿(mào)合作層面，兩國(guó)地方充分借助2018至2019年中俄地方合作交流年契機(jī)，利用中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)等經(jīng)貿(mào)合作平臺(tái)和“東北-遠(yuǎn)東”、“長(zhǎng)江-伏爾加河”等地方合作平臺(tái)，積極密切交往，穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)經(jīng)貿(mào)、投資等務(wù)實(shí)合作。雙方簽署遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)合作發(fā)展規(guī)劃(2018至2024)和東北-遠(yuǎn)東及貝加爾地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，在“長(zhǎng)江-伏爾加河”平臺(tái)上不斷更新重點(diǎn)投資項(xiàng)目清單，為兩國(guó)地方結(jié)合各自產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展優(yōu)勢(shì)深化合作提供了有效平臺(tái)。
At the sub-national level, various regions in our two countries have seized the opportunity of the "2018-2019 year of sub-national cooperation and exchange" and harnessed various mechanisms for more frequent interactions and greater economic, trade and investment cooperation, which include the China International Import Expo and other business cooperation platforms, and the Northeast China-Russian Far East and the Yangtze River-Volga River cooperation mechanisms. The two sides have signed a Plan on Cooperation and Development in the Russian Far East Region (2018-2024) and a Development Plan for Agriculture in Northeast China and the Russian Far East and Baikal Regions. Constant updates are being made to the list of key investment projects under the Yangtze River-Volga River mechanism. All these are effective platforms for the two sides to leverage our comparative industrial strengths and deepen sub-national cooperation.

當(dāng)然，中俄經(jīng)貿(mào)合作中還存在一些具體問(wèn)題。我想強(qiáng)調(diào)，這些問(wèn)題是伴隨兩國(guó)合作不斷推進(jìn)、相互融合日益深入而產(chǎn)生的。有效解決問(wèn)題的途徑就是創(chuàng)新思路，多措并舉，不斷拓展合作領(lǐng)域，深挖合作潛力，擴(kuò)大相互投資、市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，提升貿(mào)易和投資便利化水平，大力推動(dòng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易、電子商務(wù)、服務(wù)貿(mào)易等領(lǐng)域合作發(fā)展，做大雙方共同利益“蛋糕”，促進(jìn)中俄經(jīng)貿(mào)合作提質(zhì)增量，邁上更高臺(tái)階。
Of course, our bilateral business ties are not free from specific issues. But it is worth pointing out that they are the natural result of our deepening cooperation and growing shared interests. The most effective way to address them is to take an innovative and multi-pronged approach to expand cooperation areas and unlock the full potential of our practical cooperation, such as scaling up mutual investment, widening market access, facilitating trade and investment activities, and boosting cooperation in agricultural trade, e-commerce and trade in services. By enlarging common interests, we can upgrade our business cooperation so that it will improve in both quality and quantity.

問(wèn)：您如何看待中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展前景？
Q3. Could you share some insights on China's economic outlook?

答：新中國(guó)成立70年來(lái)，特別是改革開(kāi)放40年來(lái)，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展取得舉世矚目的成就，中國(guó)成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體以及制造業(yè)、貨物貿(mào)易、外匯儲(chǔ)備第一大國(guó)。2018年，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)總量跨過(guò)90萬(wàn)億元人民幣大關(guān)，人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值接近1萬(wàn)美元，經(jīng)濟(jì)增速6.6%，位居世界前列，對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)貢獻(xiàn)率約30%。
Xi: The Chinese economy has achieved tremendous growth since the founding of New China 70 years ago, and especially since the start of reform and opening-up 40 years ago. China is now the world's second largest economy, the largest manufacturer, the largest trader in goods, and holder of the largest foreign exchange reserves. In 2018, the Chinese economy passed the RMB90 trillion yuan mark and per capita GDP was close to US$10,000. Our 6.6 percent economic growth rate, one of the highest in the world, meant that China accounted for around 30 percent of global growth last year.

今年以來(lái)，面對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和國(guó)際貿(mào)易有所放緩的大環(huán)境，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)局良好，主要經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)保持在合理區(qū)間。一季度國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)6.4%，連續(xù)14個(gè)季度經(jīng)濟(jì)增速保持在6.4%至6.8%區(qū)間，延續(xù)近年來(lái)平穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)，國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)繼續(xù)發(fā)揮對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的主引擎作用；就業(yè)持續(xù)增加，前4個(gè)月城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)459萬(wàn)人，居民收入增長(zhǎng)略快于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)；物價(jià)水平保持總體穩(wěn)定，居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格溫和上漲2%；進(jìn)出口總額同比增長(zhǎng)4.3%，外匯儲(chǔ)備保持在3萬(wàn)億美元以上。同時(shí)，中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)在優(yōu)化，發(fā)展方式在轉(zhuǎn)變，質(zhì)量效益在提升，穩(wěn)中向好態(tài)勢(shì)更趨明顯。
In spite of a slowdown in global growth and trade, the Chinese economy has had a strong start this year with key economic indicators kept in a proper range. In the first quarter, our GDP grew by 6.4 percent, sustaining its momentum of steady growth in recent years and representing the 14th consecutive quarter of staying in the 6.4 percent to 6.8 percent range. Domestic consumption remained the main driver of growth. Employment continued to expand, with 4.59 million urban jobs added in the first four months of 2019. Personal income grew faster than the economy. Prices were generally stable, with consumer prices posting a modest growth of 2 percent. Total imports and exports were up by 4.3 percent year-on-year, and China's foreign exchange reserves stayed above US$3 trillion. Apart from all this, we were able to improve the economic structure, transform the model of development and enhance the quality and efficiency of economic performance, thus strengthening the momentum of steady and robust growth.

穩(wěn)中向好、長(zhǎng)期向好是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)沒(méi)有改變也不會(huì)改變的大趨勢(shì)。展望未來(lái)，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展具備充足支撐條件。一是資源潛力，中國(guó)有近14億人口、9億勞動(dòng)力、1.7億受過(guò)高等教育和擁有技能的人才資源、全球最大的中等收入群體、1億多個(gè)市場(chǎng)主體；二是內(nèi)生動(dòng)力，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)主要靠?jī)?nèi)需拉動(dòng)，2018年內(nèi)需對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)108.6%，其中最終消費(fèi)貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)76.2%；三是發(fā)展活力，中國(guó)研發(fā)投入全球排名第二，約占經(jīng)濟(jì)總量2.18%，以戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)、分享經(jīng)濟(jì)等為代表的新動(dòng)能不斷壯大；四是調(diào)控能力，有中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，有集中力量辦大事的政治優(yōu)勢(shì)，有萬(wàn)眾一心、眾志成城的民族精神，有改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)持續(xù)高速發(fā)展積累的雄厚物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，有巨大發(fā)展韌性、潛力、回旋余地，有豐富的宏觀調(diào)控經(jīng)驗(yàn)和充足的政策空間，我們完全有條件、有能力、有信心應(yīng)對(duì)各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)。
The trajectory of our economy toward more steady growth has not changed and will remain so in the long run. Looking ahead, a number of factors will support the steady, healthy and sustainable growth of the economy. These include: First, China's large pool of human resources. China has a population of nearly 1.4 billion, a 900-million-strong workforce, a talent pool of 170 million college graduates and people with professional skills, the world's largest middle-income population, and more than 100 million market entities. Second, China's strong internal driving forces. The Chinese economy is mainly driven by domestic consumption. In 2018, domestic consumption contributed 108.6 percent of economic growth; in particular, the contribution of final consumption was as high as 76.2 percent. Third, China's growing economic dynamism. China's R&D spending ranks second in the world, accounting for around 2.18 percent of its GDP. Emerging strategic industries, the sharing economy and other new economic forces are seeing continuous expansion. Fourth, China's mobilization capability. We have in China the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, the political advantage that comes from being able to mobilize resources for major undertakings, the spirit of a nation united as one, the solid material and technological foundation built through decades of rapid development in the era of reform and opening-up, the enormous resilience, potential and flexibility in development, and the rich experience in macro-regulation as well as ample policy space. We therefore have all the necessary conditions as well as the capability and confidence to deal with any risks and challenges.

問(wèn)：今年4月您成功主持召開(kāi)了第二屆“一帶一路”國(guó)際合作高峰論壇。您如何看待歐亞經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟同共建“一帶一路”倡議對(duì)接的前景？如何評(píng)價(jià)北極航道的發(fā)展?jié)摿蛯?duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)共建“一帶一路”倡議的重要意義？中方將如何參與發(fā)展北極航道基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)？
Q4. President Xi, you successfully hosted the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (BRF) in April. How do you see the future of connecting the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)? What is your take on the potential of the Arctic shipping routes and its significance for advancing Belt and Road cooperation? In what way will China participate in infrastructure development for the Arctic shipping routes?

答：中方提出共建“一帶一路”倡議，目的是聚焦互聯(lián)互通，深化務(wù)實(shí)合作，攜手應(yīng)對(duì)人類面臨的各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)互利共贏、共同發(fā)展。今年4月，第二屆“一帶一路”國(guó)際合作高峰論壇在北京成功召開(kāi)，各方就相關(guān)議題進(jìn)行深入探討，完善了合作理念，明確了合作重點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)化了合作機(jī)制，就高質(zhì)量共建“一帶一路”達(dá)成廣泛共識(shí)。應(yīng)我邀請(qǐng)，普京總統(tǒng)連續(xù)兩屆來(lái)華出席“一帶一路”國(guó)際合作高峰論壇，中方對(duì)此高度評(píng)價(jià)。
Xi: The BRI put forth by China aims to deepen practical cooperation focusing on connectivity, jointly address risks and challenges facing humanity, and bring about mutual benefit and common development. The second BRF held in Beijing last April was a great success. The participants had in-depth discussions on relevant topics and reached broad-based consensus on promoting high-quality Belt and Road cooperation supported by refined principles, clearer priorities and stronger mechanisms. We are highly appreciative that President Putin has attended both of the two BRFs held in 2017 and this year at my invitation.

共建“一帶一路”和歐亞經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟都致力于實(shí)現(xiàn)各自國(guó)家和地區(qū)發(fā)展振興，致力于促進(jìn)區(qū)域開(kāi)放包容合作。雙方在諸多合作領(lǐng)域擁有廣泛共同利益。2015年5月，我和普京總統(tǒng)共同簽署《關(guān)于絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶建設(shè)和歐亞經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟建設(shè)對(duì)接合作的聯(lián)合聲明》，開(kāi)啟對(duì)接合作之路。去年，中國(guó)同歐亞經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟簽署經(jīng)貿(mào)合作協(xié)定，這是雙方對(duì)接合作邁出的重要一步，也是對(duì)接合作的重要早期收獲，為深化雙方經(jīng)貿(mào)合作提供了制度性保障。下一步，我們?cè)竿矸揭坏溃罨瘜?duì)接合作，相互支持，相互促進(jìn)，積極推動(dòng)《歐亞經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定》談判，不斷提升區(qū)域貿(mào)易和投資便利化水平，為兩國(guó)發(fā)展振興和本地區(qū)繁榮穩(wěn)定作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。
The BRI and the EAEU are both committed to facilitating the development and rejuvenation of the participating countries and regions and to promoting open and inclusive cooperation in our region. China and Russia have shared interests in many areas of cooperation. In May 2015, President Putin and I signed a Joint Statement on Cooperation on Joint Silk Road Economic Belt and Eurasian Economic Union Projects, kicking off the process to connect the two initiatives. Last year, China signed an agreement on economic and trade cooperation with the EAEU. It was a significant first step and an important "early harvest" in connecting the two initiatives that provides the institutional underpinning for stronger economic cooperation and trade between the two sides. China will work with Russia to foster stronger synergy between the two initiatives in the spirit of mutual support, advance negotiations on an Eurasian economic partnership agreement, enhance facilitation of regional trade and investment, and make a still greater contribution to the development and rejuvenation of our two countries and the prosperity and stability of our region.

開(kāi)發(fā)利用北極航道將為“一帶一路”建設(shè)同歐亞經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟對(duì)接合作提供新契機(jī)、增添新平臺(tái)、注入新動(dòng)力，有利于加強(qiáng)中俄兩國(guó)同相關(guān)各方互聯(lián)互通和互利共贏。安全和環(huán)保對(duì)北極通航至關(guān)重要。中方鼓勵(lì)有關(guān)中國(guó)企業(yè)積極參與，為航道商業(yè)化運(yùn)作和當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展作出實(shí)實(shí)在在的貢獻(xiàn)。同時(shí)，相關(guān)工作應(yīng)該確保綠色環(huán)保以及開(kāi)發(fā)利用的可持續(xù)性，做到互利雙贏、互利多贏，既有利于促進(jìn)中俄合作，也有利于促進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。
Development and use of the Arctic shipping routes will provide new opportunities, a new platform and new impetus for synergizing the BRI and the EAEU. It is also conducive to better connectivity and mutually beneficial cooperation among China, Russia and other relevant parties. Security and environmental protection are crucial in developing these routes. We encourage Chinese companies to take an active part and make practical contributions to the commercial operation of the Arctic shipping routes and local economic and social development. At the same time, environmental standards must be met and sustainability ensured in the development and use of the Arctic shipping routes. We hope there will be win-win results for all involved - a plus for both China-Russia cooperation and world economic growth.

問(wèn)：您如何評(píng)價(jià)中俄在金磚國(guó)家和上海合作組織框架內(nèi)的合作，以及金磚國(guó)家和上海合作組織的發(fā)展前景？
Q5. How do you see China-Russia cooperation within the frameworks of BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), and the development prospects of the two?

答：10多年來(lái)，金磚國(guó)家秉持開(kāi)放包容、合作共贏的金磚精神，不斷深化經(jīng)貿(mào)財(cái)金、政治安全、人文交流合作，成為國(guó)際事務(wù)中一支積極、穩(wěn)定、建設(shè)性的重要力量。事實(shí)證明，金磚國(guó)家代表世界發(fā)展的正確方向，合作之路越走越寬，未來(lái)充滿希望。
Xi: Over the last 10-plus years, BRICS countries have followed the BRICS spirit of openness, inclusiveness and win-win cooperation, deepened exchanges and cooperation in economic and financial, political and security, and cultural and people-to-people fields, making BRICS an important force that plays an active, stabilizing and constructive role in international affairs. It has been proven that BRICS represents the right direction of global development, as evidenced by its ever-widening cooperation and promising future.

俄羅斯是金磚國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)晤的發(fā)源地。2009年，金磚國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在葉卡捷琳堡舉行首次會(huì)晤，開(kāi)啟金磚合作的歷史篇章。2015年，金磚國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人烏法會(huì)晤通過(guò)《金磚國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴戰(zhàn)略》，成為五國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的一個(gè)里程碑。
Russia is the birthplace of the BRICS Summit. It was in Yekaterinburg that BRICS leaders held their first meeting in 2009, opening a historic chapter in BRICS cooperation. The adoption of the BRICS Economic Partnership Strategy at the 2015 Ufa Summit was another milestone in BRICS economic cooperation.

我們身處不同的大陸，但發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、讓人民過(guò)上更好生活的共同追求，以及在國(guó)際和地區(qū)事務(wù)中發(fā)揮更大作用的共同愿望使我們走到一起。
Coming from different continents, BRICS countries are brought together by a shared aspiration to grow our economies, deliver better lives for our peoples, and play a bigger role in regional and international affairs.

當(dāng)今世界面臨百年未有之大變局，金磚國(guó)家的發(fā)展既有機(jī)遇，也有挑戰(zhàn)。五國(guó)應(yīng)該更加緊密地團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，平等相待、互幫互助，深化金磚戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系，維護(hù)新興市場(chǎng)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家共同利益和發(fā)展空間，謀求共同發(fā)展進(jìn)步。今年11月，金磚國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將在巴西利亞舉行會(huì)晤。我希望并相信，五國(guó)將共同推動(dòng)巴西利亞會(huì)晤取得豐碩成果，朝著實(shí)現(xiàn)第二個(gè)“金色十年”愿景邁出新的堅(jiān)定步伐。
The world today is undergoing major changes rarely seen in a century. This means both opportunities and challenges for the development of BRICS countries. Such a backdrop makes it all the more important for our five countries to stay united in the spirit of equality and mutual assistance, and deepen the BRICS strategic partnership to defend the common interests and development space of emerging markets and developing countries and achieve development and progress for all. We BRICS leaders will meet again in Brasilia in November. I hope and believe that our five countries will work together for a fruitful Summit, and take further, solid steps toward our vision of the second Golden Decade.

中俄兩國(guó)是全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴，同為金磚國(guó)家重要成員。雙方一直在金磚國(guó)家框架內(nèi)保持密切溝通和協(xié)調(diào)。俄方明年將擔(dān)任金磚主席國(guó)，中方期待同俄方加強(qiáng)協(xié)作，在每任主席國(guó)接續(xù)努力中，推動(dòng)金磚國(guó)家合作不斷取得新的更大成果，更好造福五國(guó)人民，也為世界和平與發(fā)展作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。
China and Russia are comprehensive strategic partners of coordination, and important members of BRICS. Our two countries have had close communication and coordination within the BRICS framework. As Russia will take over the BRICS chairmanship next year, China looks forward to strengthening coordination with Russia to make sure that with the sustained efforts of successive chairmanships, BRICS cooperation will yield still greater results to deliver more benefits to the people of our five countries and contribute more to world peace and development.

上海合作組織是中俄雙方共同致力于建設(shè)新型國(guó)際關(guān)系的成功實(shí)踐和有益平臺(tái)。上海合作組織成立18年來(lái)，中俄兩國(guó)密切協(xié)調(diào)和配合，共同推動(dòng)組織不斷發(fā)展壯大，為地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展繁榮作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。我認(rèn)為，兩國(guó)在上海合作組織框架內(nèi)的合作主要有以下特點(diǎn)：
The SCO is a successful example of the commitment of both China and Russia to forging a new type of international relations and a good platform for such efforts. In the 18 years since the SCO's inception, China and Russia have maintained close coordination and collaboration. As a result, the Organization has kept growing and made important contribution to peace, stability, development and prosperity in our region. As I see it, China-Russia cooperation in the SCO has the following features:

一是始終著眼弘揚(yáng)“上海精神”。互信、互利、平等、協(xié)商、尊重多樣文明、謀求共同發(fā)展的“上海精神”是上海合作組織的核心理念。中俄雙方攜手其他成員國(guó)，堅(jiān)決摒棄文明沖突、冷戰(zhàn)思維、零和博弈等陳舊觀念，構(gòu)建起不結(jié)盟、不對(duì)抗、不針對(duì)第三方的建設(shè)性伙伴關(guān)系，樹(shù)立了相互尊重、公平正義、合作共贏的新型國(guó)際關(guān)系典范。
First, we have stayed committed to the Shanghai Spirit. The Shanghai Spirit of mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for diversity of civilizations, and pursuit of common development is the underlying philosophy of the SCO. China and Russia, together with other SCO member states, have firmly rejected such anachronistic ideas as clash of civilizations, Cold War mentality, and zero-sum game. Instead, we have forged a constructive partnership featuring non-alliance, non-confrontation and not targeting any third party, and set up a paradigm of a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness and justice, and win-win cooperation.

二是始終著眼促進(jìn)成員國(guó)安全和發(fā)展利益。謀穩(wěn)定、促發(fā)展是地區(qū)國(guó)家的共同期待。中俄雙方攜手其他成員國(guó)，全面深化政治、安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)、人文等領(lǐng)域合作，妥善應(yīng)對(duì)新的安全威脅和挑戰(zhàn)，加強(qiáng)共建“一帶一路”同歐亞經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟等地區(qū)合作倡議和各國(guó)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略對(duì)接合作，推動(dòng)地區(qū)融合發(fā)展，為實(shí)現(xiàn)地區(qū)長(zhǎng)治久安和各國(guó)發(fā)展繁榮發(fā)揮了不可替代的作用。
Second, we have stayed committed to advancing the security and development interests of SCO member states. Stability and development are the common pursuit of countries in our region. China and Russia have worked with other member states to deepen all-round cooperation in political, security, economic and cultural fields, make effective responses to new security threats and challenges, and seek greater complementarity between the BRI, the EAEU and other regional cooperation initiatives, and the development strategies of individual countries in pursuit of integrated development of our region. All these efforts have made the SCO irreplaceable for the lasting peace and stability of the whole region and the development and prosperity of individual countries.

三是始終著眼提升上海合作組織國(guó)際影響。上海合作組織是歐亞地區(qū)重要的建設(shè)性力量。中俄雙方攜手其他成員國(guó)，廣泛參與國(guó)際和地區(qū)事務(wù)，維護(hù)國(guó)際公平正義，支持建設(shè)開(kāi)放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，推動(dòng)國(guó)際秩序朝著更加公正合理的方向發(fā)展。
Third, we have stayed committed to raising the global profile of the SCO. Our Organization is an important and constructive force in Eurasia. China and Russia, together with other member states, have engaged extensively in regional and international affairs, upheld international fairness and justice, supported the building of an open world economy, and promoted a fairer and more equitable international order.

上海合作組織順應(yīng)和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏的時(shí)代潮流，具有強(qiáng)大生命力和廣闊發(fā)展前景。去年青島峰會(huì)上，各方共同描繪了上海合作組織進(jìn)入歷史新階段的發(fā)展藍(lán)圖。今年比什凱克峰會(huì)是上海合作組織發(fā)展的新起點(diǎn)。中方愿同俄方等成員國(guó)一道努力，深化團(tuán)結(jié)互信和各領(lǐng)域合作，推動(dòng)上海合作組織得到更大發(fā)展，為國(guó)際形勢(shì)注入更多穩(wěn)定性和正能量，為構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體作出“上合貢獻(xiàn)”。
The SCO, responsive to the call of our times for peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit, enjoys strong vitality and a bright prospect. At last year's Qingdao Summit, we together drew up a blueprint for a new phase in the SCO development. The upcoming Bishkek Summit will therefore become a new starting point in the development of the Organization. China will work with Russia and other member states to enhance unity, mutual trust and cooperation in various areas so that our Organization will keep developing to add more stability and positive energy to the world and make unique contribution to the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

問(wèn)：您如何評(píng)價(jià)您同普京總統(tǒng)的個(gè)人友誼？
Q6. How would you describe your personal friendship with President Putin?

答：2013年以來(lái)，我和普京總統(tǒng)在雙邊和多邊場(chǎng)合會(huì)晤近30次，多次通電話和互致信函。我經(jīng)常愉快地回憶起我同普京總統(tǒng)的每一次交往。我們就最廣泛的議題深入交流，既包括國(guó)際形勢(shì)、雙邊關(guān)系、治國(guó)理政等重大問(wèn)題，也涉及文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、運(yùn)動(dòng)等輕松愉快的話題。我們共同乘坐高鐵交流，一同觀看中俄青少年冰球友誼賽，在巴厘島慶祝生日，在對(duì)方國(guó)家重要節(jié)日時(shí)通電話或致信函相互祝賀，我們還都被對(duì)方國(guó)家授予最高國(guó)家榮譽(yù)勛章……普京總統(tǒng)是我交往最密切的外國(guó)同事，是我最好的知心朋友，我十分珍視同普京總統(tǒng)這份深厚的情誼。
Xi: Since 2013, President Putin and I have met nearly 30 times on bilateral and multilateral occasions, and talked on the phone and written to each other many times. I keep fond memories of each interaction I had with President Putin. We have had in-depth and most wide-ranging exchanges on both major issues like the international situation, bilateral ties and governance, and more light-hearted topics like literature, art and sports. We have taken a high-speed train ride together, watched an ice hockey friendly between Chinese and Russian youth teams, celebrated his birthday in Bali, exchanged phone calls and congratulatory messages on each other's important festivals, and been awarded medals of the highest honor by each other's countries. I have had closer interactions with President Putin than with any other foreign colleagues. He is my best and bosom friend. I cherish dearly our deep friendship.

我和普京總統(tǒng)的相處，建立在高度互信基礎(chǔ)上，這是我們真摯友誼的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。我們相互尊重、坦誠(chéng)相待，彼此理解、相互信任。我們對(duì)當(dāng)前世界大勢(shì)看法相近，在治理國(guó)家方面理念相通，肩負(fù)兩國(guó)各自發(fā)展振興的歷史責(zé)任。最重要的是，我們對(duì)中俄關(guān)系的戰(zhàn)略意義有高度一致的認(rèn)識(shí)，對(duì)推動(dòng)兩國(guó)關(guān)系持續(xù)深入發(fā)展懷有共同的決心和愿望。我愿同普京總統(tǒng)保持密切交往，共同引領(lǐng)兩國(guó)關(guān)系邁向更高水平，為中國(guó)和俄羅斯這兩個(gè)偉大國(guó)家發(fā)展繁榮，為兩國(guó)人民幸福安寧不懈努力。
My engagement with President Putin is built on a high degree of mutual trust. That is the solid foundation of our close friendship. We treat each other with respect, candor, understanding and trust. We share similar views on the international landscape and approaches to national governance, and we both shoulder historical responsibilities for national development and rejuvenation. Most importantly, we share a high degree of consensus on the strategic significance of the China-Russia relationship and therefore the same resolve and desire to deepen and sustain its growth. I look forward to continued close interactions with President Putin. Together, we will take our bilateral ties to new heights and work tirelessly for the development and prosperity of our two great nations and for the happy lives of our peoples.

問(wèn)：敘利亞局勢(shì)正趨于穩(wěn)定。敘利亞政府多次聲明愿同有關(guān)各方開(kāi)展合作，盡快重建戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間受損的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。中方是否有意參與敘利亞重建？近來(lái)，委內(nèi)瑞拉局勢(shì)持續(xù)激化。中方如何評(píng)價(jià)委內(nèi)瑞拉局勢(shì)？美國(guó)和伊朗政治對(duì)抗持續(xù)加劇，波斯灣局勢(shì)愈演愈烈，中方對(duì)解決伊朗核問(wèn)題的前景如何看待？
Q7. The situation in Syria is stabilizing. The Syrian government has repeated on many occasions that it is ready to work with all relevant parties and restore its war-ravaged infrastructure as soon as possible. Does China intend to take part in Syria's reconstruction? In Venezuela, the situation has flared up lately. What is China's assessment? In addition, the deepening political confrontation between the US and Iran is leading to rising tensions in the Persian Gulf. How does China see the prospects for resolving the Iranian nuclear issue?

答：敘利亞是歷史悠久的文明古國(guó)，也是中東地區(qū)重要國(guó)家。近年來(lái)，敘利亞局勢(shì)持續(xù)動(dòng)蕩，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，人民遭受了深重苦難，我們對(duì)此深感痛心。當(dāng)前，敘利亞局勢(shì)逐漸好轉(zhuǎn)，政治解決進(jìn)程向前推進(jìn)，敘利亞政府和人民也在著手重建家園。中敘兩國(guó)人民傳統(tǒng)友好，中方愿在力所能及的范圍內(nèi)參與敘利亞重建，努力幫助敘利亞人民早日恢復(fù)正常生產(chǎn)生活。
Xi: Syria is a time-honored civilization and an important country in the Middle East. It is heart-wrenching for us to see Syria caught in protracted turbulence that has wreaked havoc on its infrastructure and inflicted untold sufferings to its people. Fortunately, the situation there is improving, as the process of political settlement is making progress and the Syrian government and people are starting to rebuild their nation. The Chinese and Syrian people have long enjoyed a traditional friendship. As such, China stands ready to take part in Syria's reconstruction to the best of its capacity and help the Syrian people regain their normal life and work at an early day.

在委內(nèi)瑞拉問(wèn)題上，中方的立場(chǎng)是一貫和明確的。我們始終從維護(hù)聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章和國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則出發(fā)，堅(jiān)持有關(guān)問(wèn)題應(yīng)該由委內(nèi)瑞拉朝野在憲法框架內(nèi)通過(guò)包容性政治對(duì)話自主協(xié)商解決，反對(duì)外部干涉和單邊制裁，反對(duì)使用武力或以武力相威脅。中方愿同國(guó)際社會(huì)一道，在委內(nèi)瑞拉問(wèn)題上發(fā)揮積極建設(shè)性作用，多作勸和促談努力，共同維護(hù)國(guó)際公平正義，維護(hù)聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章宗旨和原則，維護(hù)地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定，幫助委內(nèi)瑞拉早日重回正常發(fā)展軌道。
On Venezuela, China's position is consistent and clear. Bearing in mind the importance of upholding the UN Charter and the basic norms governing international relations, China maintains that the issue should be left to the government and opposition of Venezuela to resolve through inclusive political dialogue and independent consultation within the constitutional framework. China opposes external intervention, unilateral sanctions, and the use or threat of force. China will work with the rest of the international community to play a positive and constructive role on this issue, do more to facilitate talks for peace, and uphold international equity and justice, the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, and regional peace and stability to help Venezuela return to the track of normal development as soon as possible.

近期，由于美國(guó)對(duì)伊朗進(jìn)行“極限施壓”和單邊制裁，伊朗核問(wèn)題乃至整個(gè)中東局勢(shì)持續(xù)緊張升級(jí)，形勢(shì)發(fā)展令人擔(dān)憂。伊朗核問(wèn)題全面協(xié)議是多邊主義的結(jié)晶，對(duì)國(guó)際核不擴(kuò)散體系及中東地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定至關(guān)重要，應(yīng)該得到尊重和完整、有效執(zhí)行。中俄兩國(guó)在伊朗核問(wèn)題上看法和立場(chǎng)高度一致，都希望有關(guān)各方保持理性和克制，加強(qiáng)對(duì)話協(xié)商，為當(dāng)前緊張局勢(shì)降溫。中俄雙方將保持密切協(xié)作，推動(dòng)相關(guān)形勢(shì)朝著好的方向發(fā)展，維護(hù)聯(lián)合國(guó)權(quán)威，維護(hù)國(guó)際和平和安全，維護(hù)國(guó)際社會(huì)共同利益。中方也會(huì)繼續(xù)堅(jiān)定維護(hù)自身正當(dāng)合法權(quán)益。
With the US imposing maximum pressure and unilateral sanctions on Iran in recent months, tensions have been escalating surrounding the Iranian nuclear issue, and for that matter, in the entire Middle East. Such developments are indeed a cause for concern. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), as the embodiment of multilateralism, is crucial for the international nuclear non-proliferation regime and for peace and stability in the Middle East. It must be respected and implemented effectively in its entirety. China and Russia have highly aligned views and positions on the Iranian nuclear issue with both countries calling on all relevant parties to act with reason and restraint and increase dialogue and consultation to deescalate the tensions. China and Russia will stay in close coordination to push for positive developments while upholding the authority of the UN, peace and security in the world, and the common interests of the international community. Besides, China will continue to stand firm for its own legitimate rights and interests in this process.