新華社北京2月22日電 中共中央政治局2月21日下午就加強基礎研究進行第三次集體學習。中共中央總書記習近平在主持學習時強調，加強基礎研究，是實現高水平科技自立自強的迫切要求，是建設世界科技強國的必由之路。各級黨委和政府要把加強基礎研究納入科技工作重要日程，加強統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調，加大政策支持，推動基礎研究實現高質量發(fā)展。

北京大學校長、中科院院士龔旗煌教授就這個問題作了講解，提出工作建議。中央政治局的同志認真聽取了講解，并進行了討論。

習近平在聽取講解和討論后發(fā)表了重要講話。他指出，黨和國家歷來重視基礎研究工作。新中國成立后特別是改革開放以來，我國基礎研究取得了重大成就。當前，新一輪科技革命和產業(yè)變革突飛猛進，學科交叉融合不斷發(fā)展，科學研究范式發(fā)生深刻變革，科學技術和經濟社會發(fā)展加速滲透融合，基礎研究轉化周期明顯縮短，國際科技競爭向基礎前沿前移。應對國際科技競爭、實現高水平自立自強，推動構建新發(fā)展格局、實現高質量發(fā)展，迫切需要我們加強基礎研究，從源頭和底層解決關鍵技術問題。

習近平強調，要強化基礎研究前瞻性、戰(zhàn)略性、系統(tǒng)性布局。基礎研究處于從研究到應用、再到生產的科研鏈條起始端，地基打得牢，科技事業(yè)大廈才能建得高。要堅持“四個面向”，堅持目標導向和自由探索“兩條腿走路”，把世界科技前沿同國家重大戰(zhàn)略需求和經濟社會發(fā)展目標結合起來，統(tǒng)籌遵循科學發(fā)展規(guī)律提出的前沿問題和重大應用研究中抽象出的理論問題，凝練基礎研究關鍵科學問題。要把握科技發(fā)展趨勢和國家戰(zhàn)略需求，加強基礎研究重大項目可行性論證和遴選評估，充分尊重科學家意見，把握大趨勢、下好“先手棋”。要強化國家戰(zhàn)略科技力量，有組織推進戰(zhàn)略導向的體系化基礎研究、前沿導向的探索性基礎研究、市場導向的應用性基礎研究，注重發(fā)揮國家實驗室引領作用、國家科研機構建制化組織作用、高水平研究型大學主力軍作用和科技領軍企業(yè)“出題人”、“答題人”、“閱卷人”作用。要優(yōu)化基礎學科建設布局，支持重點學科、新興學科、冷門學科和薄弱學科發(fā)展，推動學科交叉融合和跨學科研究，構筑全面均衡發(fā)展的高質量學科體系。

習近平指出，世界已經進入大科學時代，基礎研究組織化程度越來越高，制度保障和政策引導對基礎研究產出的影響越來越大。必須深化基礎研究體制機制改革，發(fā)揮好制度、政策的價值驅動和戰(zhàn)略牽引作用。要穩(wěn)步增加基礎研究財政投入，通過稅收優(yōu)惠等多種方式激勵企業(yè)加大投入，鼓勵社會力量設立科學基金、科學捐贈等多元投入，提升國家自然科學基金及其聯合基金資助效能，建立完善競爭性支持和穩(wěn)定支持相結合的基礎研究投入機制。要優(yōu)化國家科技計劃基礎研究支持體系，完善基礎研究項目組織、申報、評審和決策機制，實施差異化分類管理和國際國內同行評議，組織開展面向重大科學問題的協(xié)同攻關，鼓勵自由探索式研究和非共識創(chuàng)新研究。要處理好新型舉國體制與市場機制的關系，健全同基礎研究長周期相匹配的科技評價激勵、成果應用轉化、科技人員薪酬等制度，長期穩(wěn)定支持一批基礎研究創(chuàng)新基地、優(yōu)勢團隊和重點方向，打造原始創(chuàng)新策源地和基礎研究先鋒力量。

習近平強調，要協(xié)同構建中國特色國家實驗室體系，布局建設基礎學科研究中心，超前部署新型科研信息化基礎平臺，形成強大的基礎研究骨干網絡。要科學規(guī)劃布局前瞻引領型、戰(zhàn)略導向型、應用支撐型重大科技基礎設施，強化設施建設事中事后監(jiān)管，完善全生命周期管理，全面提升開放共享水平和運行效率。要打好科技儀器設備、操作系統(tǒng)和基礎軟件國產化攻堅戰(zhàn)，鼓勵科研機構、高校同企業(yè)開展聯合攻關，提升國產化替代水平和應用規(guī)模，爭取早日實現用我國自主的研究平臺、儀器設備來解決重大基礎研究問題。

習近平指出，加強基礎研究，歸根結底要靠高水平人才。必須下氣力打造體系化、高層次基礎研究人才培養(yǎng)平臺，讓更多基礎研究人才競相涌現。要加大各類人才計劃對基礎研究人才支持力度，培養(yǎng)使用戰(zhàn)略科學家，支持青年科技人才挑大梁、擔重任，不斷壯大科技領軍人才隊伍和一流創(chuàng)新團隊。要完善基礎研究人才差異化評價和長周期支持機制，賦予科技領軍人才更大的人財物支配權和技術路線選擇權，構建符合基礎研究規(guī)律和人才成長規(guī)律的評價體系。要加強科研學風作風建設，引導科技人員摒棄浮夸、祛除浮躁，坐住坐穩(wěn)“冷板凳”。要堅持走基礎研究人才自主培養(yǎng)之路，深入實施“中學生英才計劃”、“強基計劃”、“基礎學科拔尖學生培養(yǎng)計劃”，優(yōu)化基礎學科教育體系，發(fā)揮高校特別是“雙一流”高?；A研究人才培養(yǎng)主力軍作用，加強國家急需高層次人才培養(yǎng)，源源不斷地造就規(guī)模宏大的基礎研究后備力量。

習近平強調，人類要破解共同發(fā)展難題，比以往任何時候都更需要國際合作和開放共享。要構筑國際基礎研究合作平臺，設立面向全球的科學研究基金，加大國家科技計劃對外開放力度，圍繞氣候變化、能源安全、生物安全、外層空間利用等全球問題，拓展和深化中外聯合科研。要前瞻謀劃和深度參與全球科技治理，參加或發(fā)起設立國際科技組織，支持國內高校、科研院所、科技組織同國際對接。要努力增進國際科技界開放、信任、合作，以更多重大原始創(chuàng)新和關鍵核心技術突破為人類文明進步作出新的更大貢獻，并有效維護我國的科技安全利益。

習近平指出，我國幾代科技工作者通過接續(xù)奮斗鑄就的“兩彈一星”精神、西遷精神、載人航天精神、科學家精神、探月精神、新時代北斗精神等，共同塑造了中國特色創(chuàng)新生態(tài)，成為支撐基礎研究發(fā)展的不竭動力。要在全社會大力弘揚追求真理、永攀高峰的科學精神，廣泛宣傳基礎研究等科技領域涌現的先進典型和事跡，教育引導廣大科技工作者傳承老一輩科學家以身許國、心系人民的光榮傳統(tǒng)，把論文寫在祖國的大地上。要加強國家科普能力建設，深入實施全民科學素質提升行動，線上線下多渠道傳播科學知識、展示科技成就，樹立熱愛科學、崇尚科學的社會風尚。要在教育“雙減”中做好科學教育加法，激發(fā)青少年好奇心、想象力、探求欲，培育具備科學家潛質、愿意獻身科學研究事業(yè)的青少年群體。

習近平最后強調，各級領導干部要學習科技知識、發(fā)揚科學精神，主動靠前為科技工作者排憂解難、松綁減負、加油鼓勁，把黨中央關于科技創(chuàng)新的一系列戰(zhàn)略部署落到實處。

Xi stresses basic research for self-reliance in science and technology

Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, has called for strengthening basic research to consolidate the country's self-reliance and strength in science and technology.

Xi made the remarks when chairing the third group study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th CPC Central Committee on Tuesday.

Xi said that strengthening basic research is an urgent requirement for achieving greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and it is the only way to become a world leader in science and technology.

He said that the Party and the country have always attached importance to basic research.

At present, a new round of sci-tech revolution and industrial transformation is advancing by leaps and bounds, interdisciplinary integration is growing, the paradigm of scientific research is undergoing profound changes, the integration of science and technology with economic and social development is accelerating, the application cycle of basic research is significantly shortened, and international competition in basic research is moving to the forefront, Xi said.

To cope with international sci-tech competition, achieve greater self-reliance, foster a new development pattern, and promote high-quality development, there is an urgent need to strengthen basic research and address key technologies from the source and from the bottom, Xi added.

He stressed efforts to strengthen the forward-looking, strategic and systematic layout of basic research.

He said that the frontier science and technology in the world should be integrated with the major national strategic needs and economic and social development goals.

Xi urged efforts to coordinate frontier questions raised in light of the law of science development with theoretical questions drawn from major applied research, and sum up key scientific questions in basic research.

He also called for strengthening the feasibility studies and the selection and evaluation of major basic research projects, fully respecting scientists' advice, and grasping the general trends to make an early start.

Xi noted that it is necessary to strengthen the country's strategic strength in science and technology; promote strategic, frontier and market-oriented basic research in an organized way; and give full play to the role of national laboratories, national research institutions, high-level research universities and leading sci-tech enterprises.

The country will optimize the layout of basic disciplines, support the development of key, emerging, less-popular, and weak disciplines, and promote interdisciplinary integration and research, so as to build a high-quality discipline system with comprehensive and balanced development, he added.

Xi called for the institutional reform of basic research to be deepened, and for the value-driven and strategy-directed role of systems and policies to be given full play.

Fiscal investment in basic research should be steadily increased, enterprises should be motivated to invest more through measures such as tax incentives, input from social forces should be encouraged, and the efficiency of the national natural science fund and its joint funds should be improved, he said.

Xi stressed the need to improve the organization, application, review and decision-making mechanisms for basic research projects, and coordinate efforts to tackle major scientific issues.

He urged efforts to handle the relationship between the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide and the market mechanism well, and efforts to improve the evaluation and incentive system, the achievement application and transformation system and the salary system in response to the long cycle of basic research. He also called for long-term and steady support for a batch of innovation bases, competitive teams and key directions for basic research.

Xi stressed the need to establish a national laboratory system with Chinese characteristics, set up research centers for basic disciplines, build new research information platforms, and form a leading basic research backbone network.

He also urged efforts to draw up scientific plans for major sci-tech infrastructure facilities that are forward-looking, strategy-oriented and application-supporting.

Xi urged support for various basic research talent programs to be strengthened, adding that strategic scientists should be trained and used, young sci-tech talent should be supported to play a key role, and leading sci-tech and innovative talent teams should be continuously expanded.

He said that it is essential to improve the style of study and work in the scientific research field; and called for adhering to the path of independent training for basic research talent, optimizing the basic discipline education system, and giving full play to the leading role of colleges and universities in the training of basic research talent.

Xi stressed that international cooperation, opening-up and sharing are needed more than ever for humanity to tackle common development challenges.

It is necessary to build a platform for international cooperation on basic research, establish a global scientific research fund, increase the opening-up of national sci-tech programs to the outside world, and expand and deepen joint scientific research between China and other countries on global issues such as climate change, energy security, biosecurity and the use of outer space, he said.

Xi urged efforts to plan ahead and participate deeply in global sci-tech governance, participate in or initiate international sci-tech organizations, and support domestic universities, research institutes and sci-tech organizations to connect with the international community.

Xi also noted that efforts should be made to enhance openness, trust and cooperation in the international sci-tech community to make new and greater contributions to the progress of human civilization and also effectively safeguard China's sci-tech security and interests.

He urged efforts to carry forward the scientific spirit of pursuing truth and scaling new heights, widely publicize the advanced models and actions in basic research and other sci-tech fields, and guide the majority of sci-tech workers to carry on the tradition of the older generation of scientists who committed themselves to the country and cared for the people.

Xi called for strengthening the country's ability to popularize science, pushing forward the campaign to improve the scientific literacy of the public, spreading scientific knowledge widely, showing scientific achievements online and offline through multiple channels, and fostering a social trend of promoting science.

Efforts should also be made to inspire young people's curiosity, imagination and desire to explore, and cultivate young people with the potential to become scientists, he said.

Xi urged officials at all levels to gain sci-tech knowledge, carry forward the scientific spirit, take the initiative to solve problems and relieve burdens for sci-tech workers, and put into practice a series of strategic plans on sci-tech innovation made by the CPC Central Committee.