你問我答
By、via和through表示“通過”的用法和區(qū)別
內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介
聽眾 Brian 來信詢問 “by”、“via”、“through” 和 “using” 之間的區(qū)別。介詞 “by”、“via” 和 “through” 都有 “通過” 的意思。這既可以是通過一處到另一處,“via A to B”;也可以是路過一處,“through A to B”;還可以是通過或借助一個(gè)工具到達(dá)某地,“by train”。動(dòng)名詞 “using” 雖然也可以用來引出 “做某事時(shí)使用的工具或方法”,但它不能和以上三個(gè)介詞互換使用。聽節(jié)目,學(xué)習(xí)這四個(gè)單詞的具體用法。
文字稿
(關(guān)于臺(tái)詞的備注:請(qǐng)注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過程中對(duì)節(jié)目做出的改變。)
Feifei
大家好,歡迎收聽 BBC英語教學(xué)制作的 “你問我答” 節(jié)目。我是菲菲。
Phil
Hello, I'm Phil. Here's a question from our listener Brian.
Question
Greetings. I'm Brian. I would like to know the differences between 'by', 'via', 'through', and 'using'. Thank you.
Phil
There's a big overlap between these words, but they're all different, so it's a great question to ask!
Feifei
Brian 的問題中提到的四個(gè)單詞 “by”、“via”、“through” 還有 “using” 的意思雖然有重疊和容易被混淆的地方,但它們是完全不同的四個(gè)詞語。首先,我們來看如何使用 “via” 和 “through” 談?wù)撛诼眯兄?“通過某地”。
Phil
OK, when we're talking about a journey, if you say you're going via somewhere, then you're saying that it's one of the places you're going to on your route, and it might be somewhere you stop, or it might just be somewhere you travel past. If you say you are going through somewhere, it can mean that you'll go from one side of a place to the other, but we also use it to mean 'travel past'. Listen to these examples.
Examples
We're going to Manchester via Birmingham and Stoke.
(我們要經(jīng)過伯明翰和斯托克去曼徹斯特。)
We're going to Manchester through Birmingham and Stoke.
(我們?nèi)ヂ鼜厮固氐穆飞蠒?huì)經(jīng)過伯明翰和斯托克。)
Feifei
上面兩個(gè)例句中的旅行目的地都是曼徹斯特。第一個(gè)例句說:“We're going to Manchester via Birmingham and Stoke.”,意思是 “去曼徹斯特的途中要經(jīng)停伯明翰和斯托克?!?而第二個(gè)例句的意思則是 “去曼徹斯特的途中我們會(huì)經(jīng)過伯明翰和斯托克,但不一定會(huì)停下來?!?“We're going to Manchester through Birmingham and Stoke.” 所以,如果我們從 A 處 “via(經(jīng)停,經(jīng)過)” B 處,到達(dá) C 處,那么中途很可能會(huì)在 B 處停留,但不絕對(duì);而如果我們從 A 處 “through(經(jīng)過)” B 處,到達(dá) C 處,那么只是路過 B 處。也就是說,如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)旅途當(dāng)中在商店或者景點(diǎn)停留,那么最好使用 “via”。再來聽兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
I'm going to the office via the supermarket – I need to buy lunch.
(我要在去辦公室的路上去趟超市,我得買午餐。)
We're going to the theme park, but we're going via the cafe – we need some coffee first!
(我們要去那個(gè)主題公園,不過需要先去咖啡館,得先喝杯咖啡。)
Phil
Next, we can also use 'via' to talk about the way we do something, for example, 'via sending a message' or the thing that we use to do it, 'via a quick meeting' – but it's more common to use 'by'.
Feifei
“Via” 后面直接加名詞,可以表示 “使用一個(gè)工具或通過一種方式做某件事情”,比如 “via sending a message(通過發(fā)一條短信息)”、“via a quick meeting(通過一個(gè)短的會(huì)議)”。不過,在表達(dá)這個(gè)意思時(shí),更常用 “by”。來聽四個(gè)例句。
Examples
The easiest way to get to Manchester is via train.
(去曼徹斯特最便捷的方式是坐火車。)
You can get to Scotland by train easily.
(你坐火車去蘇格蘭很方便。)
I asked them about the job via email.
(我通過電子郵件向他們?cè)儐柫岁P(guān)于那份工作的事情。)
The best way to contact me is by phone.
(最好通過電話聯(lián)系我。)
Phil
We also use 'by' before an action that we use to achieve something else.
Feifei
“By” 還可以用在一個(gè)動(dòng)作之前 “by doing something” 來表示 “通過某種方式完成一件事情”。
Examples
You knead the dough by rubbing the dough back and forth with your palms.
(你得用手掌來回揉搓面團(tuán)。)
He saved the deer's life by untangling the net around its neck.
(他解開了纏在鹿脖子上的網(wǎng),救了鹿一命。)
Feifei
“Through” 后面直接加名詞,也可以表示 “通過做某事而達(dá)到一個(gè)目的”,但它強(qiáng)調(diào) “通過一個(gè)程序或經(jīng)過一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的過程”,強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作。
Examples
We made important discoveries through this experiment.
(通過這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn),我們有了重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。)
Anyone can be successful through hard work.
(任何人通過刻苦努力都可能成功。)
Phil
If we want to talk about a method, or a tool for doing something, we can also say 'using' as well as 'through', 'via' and 'by'.
Feifei
不同于介詞 “through”、“via” 和 “by”,“using” 作為動(dòng)詞 “use” 的動(dòng)名詞形式,可以作為句子中狀語的一部分,對(duì)句子的主動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)充說明,來表示 “做某事時(shí)使用的工具或方法”。它與上面講到的三個(gè)介詞不能互換使用。聽三個(gè)例句。
Examples
She created this robot using the latest technology.
(她使用最新的技術(shù)創(chuàng)造了這個(gè)機(jī)器人。)
They dug their way out using their bare hands.
(他們徒手給自己挖出了一條路。)
Using an original Italian recipe is the secret to good pizza.
(使用正宗的意大利菜譜是做出美味披薩餅的秘訣。)
Phil
Don't forget that these words are not just used to talk about going past a place or doing something to achieve a goal – but we hope that we've answered your question here.
Feifei
如果你在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中遇到了難題或疑問,歡迎發(fā)郵件向我們提問,我們的郵箱地址是:questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk你也可以通過微博私信與我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系,我們的微博賬號(hào)是 “BBC英語教學(xué)”。
Phil
Thanks for listening. See you next time!
Feifei
Bye!