你問我答
“None of them are…”這類句型的用法
內(nèi)容簡介
一位聽眾想知道 “all of them are not…”、“some of them are not…” 和 “none of them are…” 之間的區(qū)別。雖然這三個(gè)句型都包含否定詞 “not” 或 “none”，但它們當(dāng)中有的是全部否定，有的是部分否定。本期節(jié)目以 “None/some/not all of the shops are open.” 為例，辨析這三個(gè)句型的用法。
文字稿
（關(guān)于臺詞的備注:請注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過程中對節(jié)目做出的改變。）
Jiaying
大家好，歡迎收聽 BBC英語教學(xué)制作的 “你問我答” 節(jié)目。 I'm Jiaying.
Phil
And I'm Phil. We've got a question from one of our listeners.
Question
你好，我想問一下 “all of them are not…” 和 “some of them are not…” 以及 “none of them are…” 三者之間否定范圍的區(qū)別，尤其是 “all of them are not…”，有人告訴我這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是部分否定，但有人說是全部否定，這令我很困惑。
Jiaying
根據(jù)句子中主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式和句子的時(shí)態(tài)，這三個(gè)句型中的系動(dòng)詞 “be” 會相應(yīng)地發(fā)生改變。為了便于大家的理解，我們在下面的講解中均使用 “are”。
先來看最簡單直觀、最容易理解的一個(gè)，就是 “none of them are…”。
Phil
Yes, let's start there. 'None of them are…' is probably the easiest. If we say that 'none of the shops are open', it means that 'zero shops are open'. They're all shut.
Jiaying
“None of the shops are open.” 的意思是 “沒有一家商店開門”，也就是 “開門的商店數(shù)量為零”。“None of them are…” 表示 “沒有一個(gè)是…，全不是…”。再聽兩個(gè)使用了這個(gè)句型的例句。
Examples
None of these cars are cheap. They're all luxury models.
（這些汽車都不便宜。它們?nèi)呛廊A車型。）
We're fully booked. None of our rooms are available.
（我們這里滿房。一間空房也沒有了。）
Jiaying
接下來說一說另一個(gè)相對較容易理解的句型：“some of them are not…”。它的意思是 “不全是…，有一些不是…”。
Phil
This one is fairly clear – what it means is that some are, and some aren't. We need something to refer to, so let's use our shops example from earlier. If you say 'some of the shops are not open', then you mean that there are shops that are not open and there are shops that are open.
Jiaying
是的，讓我們用前面舉的商店有沒有開門的例子來進(jìn)一步解釋這個(gè)句型?！癝ome of the shops are not open.” 的意思是 “有一些商店沒有開門”，也就是 “有一些商店沒開門，但有一些開門了”。聽兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
Be careful when you solve these maths problems! Some of them are not as easy as they seem.
（你做這些數(shù)學(xué)題時(shí)要多注意！有些題并不像看上去那么簡單。）
Some of the items are not available online. You'll have to visit our shops.
（有些商品不在網(wǎng)上銷售。您需要去我們的實(shí)體店購買。）
Jiaying
下面看一看問題中最容易讓人感到困惑的句型：“all of them are not…”。
Phil
This one is complicated – because it's not always clear whether 'all of them are not…' means 'none of them are…' or 'some of them are not…'. But it sounds unnatural and isn't something that we often say, and it's probably best just to avoid it.
Jiaying
是的，“all of them are not…” 這個(gè)句型究竟是全部否定，表示 “全不是…”，還是部分否定，表示 “并非全是…”，在沒有上下文的情況下，意思并不清晰明了，因此容易產(chǎn)生歧義。由于這個(gè)句型聽上去并不自然，而且也不常用，所以建議大家避免使用它。
Phil
However, what we can do is move the word 'not' in front of 'all' and say 'not all of the shops are open', then you mean that some shops are open and some are closed.
Jiaying
“Not all of the shops are open” 的意思是 “并不是所有的商店都開門了。有一些開了，有一些沒有開”。這里用到了 “not all of them are…” 的句型，它的意思是 “不全是…”。來聽兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
Not all of the cakes are baked yet, but there are some you can try.
（不是所有的蛋糕都烤好了，但有些烤好的你可以嘗嘗。）
Not all of the work is finished, but there is some that you can look at.
（并不是所有的工作都完成了，但有些已經(jīng)做完的工作可以供你批閱。）
Phil
So, hopefully, we've answered your question. If you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Jiaying
你也可以通過微博向我們提問。我們的微博賬號是 “BBC英語教學(xué)”。Bye, everyone.
Phil
Bye.
