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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:賓語(yǔ)從句的用法
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一位聽(tīng)眾來(lái)信詢(xún)問(wèn)賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。要想掌握這個(gè)句型的用法,首先要明白什么是 “direct object(直接賓語(yǔ))” 和 “indirect object(間接賓語(yǔ))” ,因?yàn)橘e語(yǔ)從句通常在句子中充當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ),當(dāng)然,也有充當(dāng)間接賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句。本期節(jié)目介紹常見(jiàn)的三種賓語(yǔ)從句類(lèi)型。
文字稿
(關(guān)于臺(tái)詞的備注: 請(qǐng)注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過(guò)程中對(duì)節(jié)目做出的改變。)
Jiaying
大家好,歡迎收聽(tīng) BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的 “你問(wèn)我答” 節(jié)目。I'm Jiaying.
Phil
And I'm Phil. We've got a question from one of our listeners:
Question
你好,可以幫我介紹一下賓語(yǔ)從句嗎?
Jiaying
好的。在我們開(kāi)始介紹英語(yǔ)中幾種常見(jiàn)的賓語(yǔ)從句的用法之前,先來(lái)鞏固一下什么是直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。
Phil
So, transitive verbs in English take objects. The direct object is what receives or has the action done to it, and an indirect object is often who or what it is done for. So, if I say, "My father bought me a car", the car is the direct object, and I am the indirect object.
Jiaying
英語(yǔ)中的及物動(dòng)詞后面跟賓語(yǔ)。有些句子中會(huì)出現(xiàn)雙賓語(yǔ)。其中,直接賓語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者,而間接賓語(yǔ)是受謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和直接賓語(yǔ)影響的人或物。
比如:“My father bought me a car.(我爸爸給我買(mǎi)了一輛車(chē)。)” 這個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)了雙賓語(yǔ),名詞 “car” 是直接賓語(yǔ),人稱(chēng)代詞賓格 “me” 是間接賓語(yǔ)。像這樣,當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是名詞的時(shí)候,句子的結(jié)構(gòu)還是相對(duì)容易理解的。
但我們也可以用一個(gè)完整的從句來(lái)作句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),即賓語(yǔ)從句,這就要分情況來(lái)講了。賓語(yǔ)從句通常在句子中充當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ),當(dāng)然,也有充當(dāng)間接賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
Phil
Yes, so we can use 'that' clauses as the direct object of a verb. We often use these clauses with verbs of perception, like 'see', 'smell', 'hear', or verbs of thought, like 'think', 'know', 'believe'.
Jiaying
第一類(lèi)要介紹的賓語(yǔ)從句是由連接詞 “that” 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。在這類(lèi)句子中,“that” 從句作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的直接賓語(yǔ)使用。這類(lèi)賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常為感官動(dòng)詞,比如 “see”、“smell”、“hear” 或思維類(lèi)動(dòng)詞,比如 “think”、“know”、“believe”。來(lái)聽(tīng)三個(gè)例句。
Examples
I can see that you are enjoying that meal!
(我看得出來(lái)那頓飯你吃得很香?。?/p>
I think that this exam will be difficult.
(我認(rèn)為這次考試會(huì)很難。)
I know that you hate working late.
(我知道你討厭工作到很晚。)
Jiaying
在上面的三個(gè)例句中,連接詞 “that” 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句都作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)使用,在這種情況下,我們可以省略 “that”。再來(lái)聽(tīng)一遍這三個(gè)例句,注意,每個(gè)例句中都省略了連接詞 “that”。
Examples
I can see you are enjoying that meal!
(我看得出來(lái)那頓飯你吃得很香?。?/p>
I think this exam will be difficult.
(我認(rèn)為這次考試會(huì)很難。)
I know you hate working late.
(我知道你討厭工作到很晚。)
Jiaying
我們?cè)賮?lái)介紹一類(lèi)在句子中作賓語(yǔ)的從句,那就是 “defining relative clauses(限定性關(guān)系從句)”。
Phil
Defining relative clauses use a relative pronoun like 'what', 'that', 'which', 'why' and 'how', to identify something. They can be both direct and indirect objects.
Jiaying
是的,限定性關(guān)系從句由關(guān)系代詞 “relative pronouns” 引導(dǎo),比如 “what”、“that”、“which”、“why”、“how”。這些關(guān)系代詞起到了修飾先行詞的作用。在下面的三個(gè)例句中,先行詞和關(guān)系從句共同構(gòu)成了句子的直接或間接賓語(yǔ)成分,請(qǐng)聽(tīng)例句。
Examples
Could you give me the tool that you were using?
(你能給我你剛才在用的那個(gè)工具嗎?)
Do you know the place where we're meeting?
(你知道我們見(jiàn)面的地方在哪里嗎?)
We gave an award to the person who made the most progress.
(我們給進(jìn)步最大的人發(fā)了一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)。)
Phil
In the examples above, the objects include the things being defined and the relative clauses, but sometimes we only need the relative clause itself.
Jiaying
是的,還有一些比較特殊的關(guān)系從句,句子中不含先行詞。關(guān)系從句可以單獨(dú)作句子的賓語(yǔ)。聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
Fran is who you need to speak to.
(你需要找的人是弗蘭。)
Your keys are where you left them.
(你的鑰匙還在你之前放的地方。)
Jiaying
在上面這兩個(gè)例句中,以 “who” 和 “where” 引導(dǎo)的關(guān)系從句前都沒(méi)有先行詞。
Phil
True. The full sentences would be 'Fran is the person who you need to speak to.' and 'Your keys are in the place where you left them.'
Jiaying
好了,上面我們介紹了三類(lèi)常見(jiàn)的賓語(yǔ)從句。希望我們的講解幫助大家更好地理解了從句在句子中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的用法。
Phil
Remember that if you have a question you'd like us to answer, you can email us too at: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk Bye!
Jiaying
Bye-bye!