三、加快完善現(xiàn)代市場體系

III—Modern market system

建設(shè)統(tǒng)一開放、競爭有序的市場體系。

Efforts are to be made to build a market system that is uniform but open, orderly and competitive.

9. 建立公平開放透明的市場規(guī)則。實(shí)行統(tǒng)一的市場準(zhǔn)入制度，在制定負(fù)面清單基礎(chǔ)上，各類市場主體可依法平等進(jìn)入清單之外領(lǐng)域。改革市場監(jiān)管體系，嚴(yán)禁和懲處各類違法實(shí)行優(yōu)惠政策行為，反對(duì)地方保護(hù)，反對(duì)壟斷。健全優(yōu)勝劣汰市場化退出機(jī)制。

9. Make market rules that are fair, open and transparent. Implement a unified market entrance system, with market players of all kinds able to enter equally and legitimately into areas that are not on the negative list. Reform the market regulation system, erasing regional protection, illegitimate favorable policies and monopoly. Perfect the market exit mechanism to promote the survival of the fittest.

10. 完善主要由市場決定價(jià)格的機(jī)制。凡是能由市場形成價(jià)格的都交給市場。推進(jìn)水、石油、天然氣、電力、交通、電信等領(lǐng)域價(jià)格改革。政府定價(jià)范圍主要限定在重要公用事業(yè)、公益性服務(wù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)型自然壟斷環(huán)節(jié)。

10. Perfect a mechanism where prices are determined by the market. Any price that can be affected by the market must be left to the market. Push ahead with price reforms of water, oil and natural gas, electricity, transportation and telecommunication. Areas in which the government sets prices will be confined to public utilities, public service and areas that are naturally monopolized.

11. 建立城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的建設(shè)用地市場。在符合規(guī)劃和用途管制前提下，允許農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營性建設(shè)用地出讓、租賃、入股。擴(kuò)大國有土地有償使用范圍。減少非公益性用地劃撥。

11. Form a construction-land market that unifies urban and rural areas. Allow the sale, leasing and demutualization of rural, collectively owned buildable land under the premise that it conforms to planning. Enlarge the area in which State-owned land can be leased. Reduce land allocation that does not promote public welfare.

12. 完善金融市場體系。擴(kuò)大金融業(yè)對(duì)內(nèi)對(duì)外開放。在加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管前提下，允許具備條件的民間資本依法發(fā)起設(shè)立中小型銀行等金融機(jī)構(gòu)。推進(jìn)政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)改革。推進(jìn)股票發(fā)行注冊(cè)制改革，，提高直接融資比重。完善人民幣匯率市場化形成機(jī)制。加快推進(jìn)利率市場化，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)人民幣資本項(xiàng)目可兌換。建立存款保險(xiǎn)制度，完善金融機(jī)構(gòu)市場化退出機(jī)制。

12. Improve financial markets. Further open up the financial industry. Allow qualified private capital to set up financial institutions such as small- and medium-sized banks, under enhanced supervision. Push ahead with reform of policy-based financial institutions. Promote reform toward a registration-based stock-issuing system and increase the proportion of direct financing. Improve market-based exchange rate formation mechanisms for the renminbi. Accelerate interest rate liberalization and capital-account convertibility. Build a deposit insurance system and complete the market-based exit system for financial institutions.

13. 深化科技體制改革。建立健全鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新的體制機(jī)制。健全技術(shù)創(chuàng)新市場導(dǎo)向機(jī)制。加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)運(yùn)用和保護(hù)。探索建立知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法院。打破行政主導(dǎo)和部門分割，建立主要由市場決定技術(shù)創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目和經(jīng)費(fèi)分配、評(píng)價(jià)成果的機(jī)制。完善風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資機(jī)制，創(chuàng)新商業(yè)模式，促進(jìn)科技成果資本化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化。

13. Deepen science and technology system reform. Set up and complete a system that encourages innovation. Perfect a market-based system that encourages technological innovation. Strengthen intellectual property application and protection. Explore ways to set up intellectual-property courts. Break executive-leading and departmental segmentation, building a system where the market decides innovation program selection, resource allocation and result assessment. Improve the venture capital system, innovate business models and promote capitalization and industrialization, and scientific and technological achievements.

四、加快轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能

IV—Government role

必須切實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，建設(shè)法治政府和服務(wù)型政府。

The government must effectively shift its role by building itself into a service-type government that bases its functions on the law.

14. 健全宏觀調(diào)控體系。企業(yè)投資項(xiàng)目，除關(guān)系國家安全和生態(tài)安全、涉及全國重大生產(chǎn)力布局、戰(zhàn)略性資源開發(fā)和重大公共利益等項(xiàng)目外，一律由企業(yè)依法依規(guī)自主決策，政府不再審批。建立健全防范和化解產(chǎn)能過剩長效機(jī)制。完善發(fā)展成果考核評(píng)價(jià)體系，糾正單純以經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度評(píng)定政績的偏向。編制全國和地方資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表，建立全社會(huì)房產(chǎn)、信用等基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)一平臺(tái)。

14. Improve macroeconomic regulation and control. Government review and approval procedures will be removed for investors except in areas relating to national security, ecological safety, important arrangements for manufacturing capacity, development of strategic resources and crucial public interests. Establish and improve the long-term mechanism to prevent overcapacity in manufacturing sectors. Form a comprehensive assessment system for officials' performance to rectify the one that overemphasizes GDP growth. Produce charts of assets and debts of central and local governments, and set up integrated credit and real-estate data platforms.

15. 全面正確履行政府職能。進(jìn)一步簡政放權(quán)，深化行政審批制度改革，最大限度減少中央政府對(duì)微觀事務(wù)的管理。市場機(jī)制能有效調(diào)節(jié)的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，一律取消審批。推廣政府購買服務(wù)，引入競爭機(jī)制。逐步取消公辦事業(yè)單位的行政級(jí)別，建立各類事業(yè)單位統(tǒng)一登記管理制度。

15. Perform government duties comprehensively and correctly. Further deepen the reform of administrative review and approval procedures, and reduce the central government's control over market operations to a minimal level. The government should withdraw from business activities that can be regulated and modulated by market rules. Competition must be introduced and strengthened in the government's purchase of services. Gradually abrogate the administrative rank of publicly funded organizations and set up a registration mechanism for such organizations.

16. 優(yōu)化政府組織結(jié)構(gòu)。積極穩(wěn)妥實(shí)施大部門制。有條件的地方探索推進(jìn)省直接管理縣（市）體制改革。嚴(yán)格控制財(cái)政供養(yǎng)人員總量。

16. Streamline government structure. Actively and steadily carry out reform that merges ministries that have overlapping functions. Encourage some provinces to explore provincial government's direct administration of cities or counties. Strictly control the number and expense of government employees.

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（中國日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津 Helen）