國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室2日發(fā)表《新疆的宗教信仰自由狀況》白皮書(shū)。白皮書(shū)說(shuō)，歷史表明，宗教的生存和發(fā)展，必須與所處社會(huì)相適應(yīng)，堅(jiān)持走本土化道路；宗教間的共存共融，必須包容互鑒、和睦相處；實(shí)現(xiàn)宗教信仰自由，必須遠(yuǎn)離宗教戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與沖突。

以下為白皮書(shū)雙語(yǔ)全文：

新疆的宗教信仰自由狀況
Freedom of Religious Belief in Xinjiang

中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室 （2016年6月）
The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China

June 2016

目 錄

前 言

一、新疆的宗教歷史

二、保障公民宗教信仰自由權(quán)利

三、滿足信教公民正常宗教需求

四、依法管理宗教事務(wù)

五、開(kāi)展宗教對(duì)外交流

六、防范和打擊宗教極端

七、發(fā)揮宗教界的積極作用

結(jié)束語(yǔ)

Contents

Foreword

I. History of Religions in Xinjiang

II. Protecting Citizens' Freedom of Religious Belief

III. Satisfying Believers' Normal Religious Requirements

IV. Managing Religious Affairs in Accordance with the Law

V. International Religious Exchanges

VI. Preventing and Combating Religious Extremism

VII. Active Role of Religious Circles

Conclusion

前 言
Foreword

新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)（簡(jiǎn)稱新疆）地處中國(guó)西北，千百年來(lái)，這里就是一個(gè)多民族聚居、多宗教并存的地區(qū)。目前，新疆主要有伊斯蘭教、佛教、基督教、天主教和道教等。
The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang for short) is located in northwest China. For thousands of years it has been a multi-ethnic region of multiple religions. At present, the major religions in Xinjiang are Islam, Buddhism, Protestantism, Catholicism and Taoism.

歷史上，新疆的宗教關(guān)系十分復(fù)雜。新中國(guó)成立以前，不同宗教之間、同一宗教的不同教派之間發(fā)生過(guò)多次沖突，甚至在局部地區(qū)爆發(fā)了長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)十年的宗教戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和數(shù)百年的教派紛爭(zhēng)。宗教戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和沖突，不僅對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重破壞，也給人民帶來(lái)深重災(zāi)難，使人們失去信仰自由。
Historically, religious relations in Xinjiang were very complicated. Before the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949 many conflicts had occurred between different religions or different sects of the same religion; some areas even experienced decades of religious wars and centuries of sectarian strife. Religious wars and conflicts not only caused serious damage to the economy and society, but also brought grave disasters to the people. As a result, people lost freedom of faith.

1949年新中國(guó)成立后，新疆各族人民真正獲得了宗教信仰自由的權(quán)利。中央政府和新疆地方各級(jí)政府全面落實(shí)民族區(qū)域自治制度，貫徹實(shí)施宗教信仰自由政策，不斷完善宗教事務(wù)管理法律法規(guī)，新疆各宗教迎來(lái)了和諧共處的歷史新階段。
After the People's Republic of China was founded, people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang gained the freedom of religious belief. The central government and local governments at all levels of Xinjiang have fully implemented the system of regional ethnic autonomy and the policy on the freedom of religious belief, and constantly improved laws and regulations on the administration of religious affairs. All religions in Xinjiang have thus reached a new historical stage at which they coexist in harmony.

為了讓國(guó)際社會(huì)了解新疆宗教信仰自由的真實(shí)狀況，這里作些介紹和說(shuō)明。
To let the peoples of the rest of the world know the real situation of religious freedom in Xinjiang, this paper hereby makes a brief introduction and explanation.

一、新疆的宗教歷史
I. History of Religions in Xinjiang

新疆的宗教發(fā)展演變是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的歷史過(guò)程。不晚于新石器時(shí)期，新疆遠(yuǎn)古居民就產(chǎn)生了原始宗教觀念。公元前4世紀(jì)起，祆教（即瑣羅亞斯德教）、佛教等相繼傳入新疆，逐步形成了多種宗教并存的格局，并延續(xù)至今。
The evolution of religions in Xinjiang was a long historical process. The ancient residents of Xinjiang developed primitive religious ideas as early as in the Neolithic Period. From the fourth century BC, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and some other faiths were introduced into Xinjiang one after another. Gradually there came into being a pattern wherein a variety of religions coexisted, which continues today.

新疆的宗教發(fā)展演變，大致經(jīng)歷了四個(gè)階段，即原始宗教階段、佛教為主要宗教的多種宗教并存的形成階段、伊斯蘭教與佛教并立為主要宗教的多種宗教并存的演變階段、伊斯蘭教為主要宗教的多種宗教并存的發(fā)展階段。
The evolution of religions in Xinjiang went through four stages: the stage of primitive religion, the formation stage for the coexistence of a variety of religions with Buddhism as the major one, the evolution stage for the coexistence of many religions with Islam and Buddhism as the two major ones, and the development stage for the coexistence of a variety of religions with Islam as the major one.

公元前4世紀(jì)以前，新疆流行的是原始宗教。至今新疆許多民族都還程度不同地保留著原始宗教的觀念及遺俗。此后，祆教經(jīng)中亞傳入新疆。約公元前1世紀(jì)佛教傳入新疆后，逐漸形成了以佛教為主要宗教的多種宗教并存格局。4世紀(jì)至10世紀(jì)，祆教流行于新疆各地，吐魯番地區(qū)尤為盛行，當(dāng)時(shí)的高昌地方政權(quán)為此專門(mén)設(shè)置了管理機(jī)構(gòu)。這一時(shí)期，佛教進(jìn)入鼎盛階段，塔里木盆地周緣各綠洲佛寺林立，僧尼眾多，形成了于闐、疏勒、龜茲、高昌等著名佛教中心。道教于5世紀(jì)前后傳入新疆，主要盛行于吐魯番、哈密等地，至清代傳播至新疆大部分地區(qū)。摩尼教和景教（基督教聶斯脫利派）于6世紀(jì)相繼傳入新疆。9世紀(jì)中葉，信奉摩尼教的回鶻人進(jìn)入吐魯番地區(qū)，建造寺院，開(kāi)鑿洞窟，翻譯經(jīng)典，繪制壁畫(huà)。10世紀(jì)至14世紀(jì)，景教隨著許多地方回鶻等民族改信而興盛，當(dāng)時(shí)的疏勒、葉爾羌、于闐、輪臺(tái)、高昌、哈密、阿力麻里（今霍城縣境內(nèi)）等地都是傳教區(qū)。
Before the fourth century BC primitive religion was practiced in Xinjiang. Many ethnic groups of Xinjiang still retain some concepts and practices of primitive religion to different degrees. Later, Zoroastrianism was introduced into Xinjiang via Central Asia. Around the first century BC Buddhism was introduced into Xinjiang, and gradually a pattern came into being wherein many religions coexisted with Buddhism as the major one. From the fourth to the 10th century Zoroastrianism became prevalent throughout Xinjiang, particularly in the Turpan area. For this, the local authorities of Gaochang set up a special administrative agency. During this same period Buddhism reached its peak. In oases on the periphery of the Tarim Basin Buddhist temples arose in great numbers, with a multitude of monks and nuns. Khotan, Kashgar (Shule), Kucha (Qiuci), Gaochang and other famous Buddhist centers took shape. Taoism was introduced into Xinjiang around the fifth century, becoming prevalent mainly in Turpan and Kumul (Hami). It spread to most parts of Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Manichaeism and Nestorianism were introduced into Xinjiang one after the other in the sixth century. In the middle of the ninth century, the Huihu people, who believed in Manichaeism, entered the Turpan area, where they built temples, dug caves, translated scriptures and painted frescoes. From the 10th to the 14th century, Nestorianism flourished as the Huihu people and some other ethnic peoples converted to it in many parts of Xinjiang. At that time Nestorianism was preached in Kashgar, Yarkant, Khotan, Bugur (Luntai), Gaochang, Hami, Almaliq (now in Huocheng County), and a few other places.

9世紀(jì)末10世紀(jì)初，伊斯蘭教傳入新疆南部，新疆原有宗教格局再次發(fā)生變化?？雇醭邮芤了固m教后，于10世紀(jì)中葉向信仰佛教的于闐王國(guó)發(fā)動(dòng)了40余年的宗教戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，11世紀(jì)初攻滅于闐，將伊斯蘭教強(qiáng)制推行到這一地區(qū)。由此形成了南疆以伊斯蘭教為主、北疆以佛教為主，伊斯蘭教與佛教并立的格局。這一階段早期，祆教、景教、摩尼教等宗教亦比較盛行。但隨著伊斯蘭教的不斷傳播，這些宗教日趨衰落。
In the late ninth and early 10th centuries, Islam was introduced into southern Xinjiang, changing the religious pattern of Xinjiang again. After the Kara-Khanid Khanate accepted Islam, in the mid-10th century it launched a religious war against the Buddhist Kingdom of Khotan, which lasted more than 40 years. In the early 11th century the Kara-Khanid Khanate conquered Khotan and imposed Islam in that region. Thereafter, Islam dominated southern Xinjiang while Buddhism dominated northern Xinjiang, the two coexisting. In the early period of this stage Zoroastrianism, Nestorianism and Manichaeism were also very popular. But with the spread of Islam, these religions gradually declined.

14世紀(jì)中葉東察合臺(tái)汗國(guó)時(shí)期，統(tǒng)治者以戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等強(qiáng)制手段，將伊斯蘭教逐漸推行到塔里木盆地北緣、吐魯番盆地和哈密一帶。至16世紀(jì)初，新疆形成了以伊斯蘭教為主要宗教、多種宗教并存的格局，原來(lái)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裥叛龅撵旖?、摩尼教、景教等逐漸消失，佛教、道教仍然存在。17世紀(jì)初，衛(wèi)拉特蒙古人接受了藏傳佛教。約自18世紀(jì)始，基督教、天主教、東正教相繼傳入新疆。新疆以伊斯蘭教為主要宗教、多種宗教并存的格局延續(xù)至今。
The rulers of the Eastern Chagatai Khanate in the mid-14th century spread Islam to the northern edge of the Tarim Basin, Turpan Basin and Hami area by warlike and other compulsory means. By the early 16th century many religions coexisted in Xinjiang, with Islam as the predominant one. Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism and Nestorianism gradually disappeared, although Buddhism and Taoism clung on. In the early 17th century the Oirat Mongols accepted Tibetan Buddhism. Beginning in the 18th century, Protestantism, Catholicism and the Eastern Orthodox Church were introduced into Xinjiang one by one. A pattern featuring coexistence of multiple religions, with Islam as the principal one, continues today in Xinjiang.

新疆的宗教歷史表明：一教或兩教為主、多教并存是新疆宗教歷史的基本特點(diǎn)，交融共存是新疆宗教關(guān)系的主流；宗教必須與其所處時(shí)代和人文環(huán)境相適應(yīng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)本土化，才能得以延續(xù)；不同宗教間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和同一宗教不同教派的紛爭(zhēng)，致使人們沒(méi)有自由選擇宗教信仰的權(quán)利。
The religious history of Xinjiang shows that coexistence of multiple religions with one or two dominant was a basic characteristic, and blending and coexistence made up the mainstream religious relationships of Xinjiang. A religion should adapt itself to the times and human environment, and achieve localization, so that it can continue. History shows that wars between different religions and disputes between different sects of the same religion deprive people of the free choice of religion.

二、保障公民宗教信仰自由權(quán)利
II. Protecting Citizens' Freedom of Religious Belief

尊重和保護(hù)宗教信仰自由是中國(guó)政府一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期的基本國(guó)策?！吨腥A人民共和國(guó)憲法》明確規(guī)定：“中華人民共和國(guó)公民有宗教信仰自由”“任何國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)、社會(huì)團(tuán)體和個(gè)人不得強(qiáng)制公民信仰宗教或者不信仰宗教，不得歧視信仰宗教的公民和不信仰宗教的公民”“國(guó)家保護(hù)正常的宗教活動(dòng)。任何人不得利用宗教進(jìn)行破壞社會(huì)秩序、損害公民身體健康、妨礙國(guó)家教育制度的活動(dòng)”。
Respect for and protection of freedom of religious belief is a long-term basic national policy of the Chinese government. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China clearly stipulates: "Citizens of the People's Republic of China enjoy freedom of religious belief." "No state organ, public organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not believe in, any religion; nor may they discriminate against citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion." "The state protects normal religious activities. No one may make use of religion to engage in activities that disrupt public order, impair the health of citizens or interfere with the educational system of the state."

中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院頒布的《宗教事務(wù)條例》和新疆制定的《新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)宗教事務(wù)條例》，體現(xiàn)了“公民有宗教信仰自由”“國(guó)家保護(hù)正常的宗教活動(dòng)”的憲法精神，信仰宗教或不信仰宗教，完全由公民自主選擇，任何組織和個(gè)人不得強(qiáng)制公民信仰宗教或不信仰宗教，不得歧視信仰宗教的公民或不信仰宗教的公民。沒(méi)有公民因信仰宗教或不信仰宗教而受到歧視和不公正待遇。新疆的相關(guān)法規(guī)規(guī)章，對(duì)宗教團(tuán)體、宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所、宗教教職人員、宗教活動(dòng)、宗教財(cái)產(chǎn)等作出了規(guī)定。公民宗教信仰自由權(quán)利與公民義務(wù)相統(tǒng)一，公民無(wú)論是否信仰宗教，都必須履行憲法和法律規(guī)定的義務(wù)。侵犯公民宗教信仰自由權(quán)利要承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的法律責(zé)任。
The Regulations on Religious Affairs promulgated by the State Council of the People's Republic of China, and the Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Religious Affairs promulgated by the local government of Xinjiang both reflect the above principles of the Constitution that "citizens enjoy freedom of religious belief" and that "the state protects normal religious activities." It is a completely independent choice of citizens to believe in, or not believe in, any religion. No organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not believe in, any religion; nor may they discriminate against citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion. No citizen suffers discrimination or unfair treatment for believing in, or not believing in, any religion. Relevant rules and regulations of Xinjiang also have provisions on religious groups, venues for religious activities, clerical personnel, religious activities, religious property and related matters. Citizens' freedom of religious belief and their obligations are unified; citizens who believe in or do not believe in any religion must fulfill the obligations prescribed by the Constitution and the law. Anyone who infringes upon citizens' freedom of religious belief shall bear the corresponding legal liability.

法律保護(hù)正常的宗教活動(dòng)。公民在宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所內(nèi)以及按照宗教習(xí)慣在自己家里進(jìn)行的一切正常的宗教活動(dòng)，如禮拜、封齋、拜佛、祈禱、講經(jīng)、講道、誦經(jīng)、燒香、彌撒、受洗、受戒、終傅、追思、過(guò)宗教節(jié)日等，都由宗教團(tuán)體和公民自理，受法律保護(hù)，任何組織和個(gè)人不得加以干涉。為保障順利完成朝覲功課，新疆實(shí)行有組織、有計(jì)劃的朝覲政策。自1996年以來(lái)，每年安排包機(jī)組織信教群眾前往沙特阿拉伯麥加朝覲，政府對(duì)朝覲人員的醫(yī)療、翻譯等給予資助，并做好隨團(tuán)服務(wù)保障，確保朝覲活動(dòng)安全有序。
The law protects normal religious activities. All normal religious activities, including attending religious services, fasting, worshiping Buddha, praying, preaching, reciting scriptures, burning incense, attending Mass, being baptized or ordained, observing extreme unction, holding memorial ceremonies, and celebrating religious festivals, that believers conduct at venues for religious activities or in their own homes in accordance with customary religious practices, are exclusive affairs of religious groups and the believers themselves. These activities are protected by law, and no organization or individual may interfere with them. To ensure successful pilgrimages for believers in Islam, Xinjiang adopts a policy of organized and planned pilgrimages. Since 1996 the Xinjiang government has arranged charter flights every year to take believers in Islam to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. The Xinjiang government funds medical care and interpretation for pilgrims, and offers other services to ensure safe and orderly pilgrimages.

充分尊重信教公民的宗教感情、信仰需求。齋月期間，清真餐館歇業(yè)或開(kāi)業(yè)完全由業(yè)主自行決定，不受干涉。有吃齋飯傳統(tǒng)的清真寺和一些信教公民免費(fèi)為封齋者提供開(kāi)齋飯。各地加強(qiáng)服務(wù)保障，確保齋月期間各項(xiàng)宗教活動(dòng)有序進(jìn)行。2015年7月3日正值齋月，和田地區(qū)發(fā)生6.5級(jí)地震，政府在積極做好救援安置工作的同時(shí)，及時(shí)搭建臨時(shí)宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所，保障災(zāi)區(qū)信教公民禮拜、封齋等正常宗教生活。17日晚（開(kāi)齋節(jié)前夜），新疆主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與伊斯蘭教界人士、各族穆斯林群眾代表共進(jìn)開(kāi)齋飯，共迎開(kāi)齋節(jié)，受到社會(huì)各界廣泛關(guān)注和好評(píng)。
Citizens' religious feelings and needs are fully respected. During the holy Islamic month of Ramadan whether to close or open halal (Muslim food) restaurants is completely determined by the owners themselves without interference. There are mosques with a tradition of having iftar (the evening meal when Muslims end their daily Ramadan fast at sunset) and a number of religious believers provide free iftar to fasting people. Local governments ensure that all religious activities during Ramadan go on in an orderly manner. On July 3, 2015, during Ramadan, a 6.5-magnitude earthquake occurred in Hotan Prefecture. The government carried out rescue work while at the same time promptly setting up temporary sites to ensure prayer, fasting and other normal religious life for religious believers in the disaster-hit areas. On the evening of July 17 (the eve of Eid al-Fitr, festival of breaking of the fast), principal Party and government leaders of Xinjiang had iftar with Islamic personages and Muslim representatives of all ethnic groups to welcome Eid al-Fitr, attracting wide attention and praise from all sectors of society.

信教公民的習(xí)俗得到充分尊重?！吨腥A人民共和國(guó)民族區(qū)域自治法》《中華人民共和國(guó)刑法》《中華人民共和國(guó)民法通則》《中華人民共和國(guó)教育法》《中華人民共和國(guó)勞動(dòng)法》《中華人民共和國(guó)廣告法》和《新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)清真食品管理?xiàng)l例》《新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步工作條例》等一系列法律法規(guī)，對(duì)保護(hù)信教公民習(xí)俗作出了具體規(guī)定，如清真食品的生產(chǎn)、加工、儲(chǔ)運(yùn)和銷售，特需食品供應(yīng)，清真飯館、清真食堂開(kāi)設(shè)等。各族人民在春節(jié)、古爾邦節(jié)、肉孜節(jié)等重大傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，都能享受到法定的節(jié)日假期和特需食品的供應(yīng)。為有土葬習(xí)俗的少數(shù)民族劃撥公墓專用土地。對(duì)帶有宗教色彩的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗，如起名、站禮、送葬、過(guò)乃孜爾等，予以尊重。
The customs of religious believers are fully respected. State laws, including the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, Criminal Law, General Principles of the Civil Law, Education Law, Labor Law, and Advertising Law, and local regulations, including the Regulations of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Administration of Muslim Food and the Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on the Work of Ethnic Unity and Progress contain specific provisions on the protection of religious customs, including production, processing, storage, distribution and selling of halal food, supply of special food, setting up of halal restaurants and halal canteens. During the Spring Festival, Eid al-Adha (Corban Festival), Eid al-Fitr and other major traditional festivals, all ethnic groups can enjoy statutory holidays and be supplied with special foodstuffs. Special cemetery areas are allocated for some ethnic-minority groups who traditionally bury their dead in the ground. Traditional practices of a religious nature, such as naming a child, funeral pray, burial, and holding Nazer (memorial activities), are respected.

宗教文化遺產(chǎn)得到有效保護(hù)。新疆現(xiàn)有喀什艾提尕爾清真寺、昭蘇圣佑廟、克孜爾千佛洞等109處宗教文化古跡被列入自治區(qū)級(jí)以上文物保護(hù)單位，其中，全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位46處，自治區(qū)級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位63處。中央政府撥?？顚?duì)列入國(guó)家和新疆文物保護(hù)單位的喀什艾提尕爾清真寺、伊寧拜圖拉清真寺、和田加曼清真寺、烏魯木齊洋行清真寺和喀什香妃墓等進(jìn)行修繕。新疆出資維修吐魯番蘇公塔、昭蘇圣佑廟等28所寺廟?！断戎獋鳌贰督鸸饷鹘?jīng)卷二》《彌勒會(huì)見(jiàn)記》等多部宗教類古籍被列入《國(guó)家珍貴古籍名錄》。撥專款保護(hù)和整理歷史流傳下來(lái)的《古蘭經(jīng)》《穆圣傳》等古籍。涉及宗教的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)也得到有效保護(hù)和傳承。
Religious and cultural heritages are effectively protected. A total of 109 religious and cultural sites in Xinjiang, including Id Kah Mosque in Kashgar, Shengyou Lamasery in Zhaosu and the Kizil Grottoes, have been designated as cultural relics sites under the protection of the autonomous region and the state. Among the 109 sites, 46 are key cultural relics sites under the protection of the state, and 63 are under the protection of the autonomous region. The central government has allocated special funds to renovate cultural relic protection sites at the state and autonomous-region levels, including the Id Kah Mosque in Kashgar, Baytulla Mosque in Yining, Jiaman Mosque in Hotan, Yanghang Mosque in Urumqi and the Tomb of the Fragrant Imperial Concubine (Apak Hoja Mazzar) in Kashgar. The Xinjiang government has funded the renovation and repair of 28 temples, including Sulayman' s Minaret in Turpan and Shengyou Lamasery in Zhaosu. Many ancient religious books, including the Biography of the Prophet (Qissasul anbiya), Volume II of the Golden Light Sutra (Suvar aprabhasa Sutra), and Maitrisimit Nom Bitig, have been included in the Catalog of National Rare Books of China. Special funds have been allocated to protect and edit some books, such as the Koran and The Prophet Muhammad: A Biography, which have been passed down from history. Intangible cultural heritage items relating to religion are also under effective protection and inheritance.

保障宗教界參政議政權(quán)利。各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)和政治協(xié)商會(huì)議對(duì)宗教信仰自由政策和法律法規(guī)的貫徹執(zhí)行情況實(shí)施監(jiān)督檢查。在各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)、政治協(xié)商會(huì)議中，新疆宗教界有1436人擔(dān)任代表、委員，通過(guò)人民代表大會(huì)、政治協(xié)商會(huì)議，履行參政議政權(quán)利，就政府相關(guān)工作特別是宗教方面的工作提出意見(jiàn)、建議或議案、提案。
Religious personages' right to participate in the deliberation and administration of state affairs is protected. People's congresses and committees of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) at all levels supervise and inspect the implementation of the policy of religious freedom and the enforcement of pertinent laws and regulations. Among people's congresses and the CPPCC committees at all levels, 1,436 religious believers from Xinjiang serve as deputies and members to fulfill the right to participate in the deliberation and administration of state affairs through the two organs, raising views and recommendations or submitting proposals and motions on government work, especially religious work.

三、滿足信教公民正常宗教需求
III. Satisfying Believers' Normal Religious Requirements

新疆堅(jiān)持管理與服務(wù)并重的理念，在依法管理宗教事務(wù)的同時(shí)，努力滿足信教公民的正常宗教需求。
The Xinjiang government attaches equal importance to administration and services. While legally administrating religious affairs, it endeavors to satisfy believers' normal religious requirements.

新疆現(xiàn)有清真寺、教堂、寺院、道觀等宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所2.48萬(wàn)座，宗教教職人員2.93萬(wàn)人。其中，清真寺2.44萬(wàn)座，教職人員2.9萬(wàn)名；佛教寺院59座，教職人員280名；道教宮觀1座，教職人員1名；基督教教堂（聚會(huì)點(diǎn)）227個(gè)，教職人員26名；天主教教堂（聚會(huì)點(diǎn)）26個(gè)，教職人員27名；東正教教堂（聚會(huì)點(diǎn)）3座，教職人員1名。有新疆伊斯蘭教經(jīng)學(xué)院、新疆伊斯蘭教經(jīng)文學(xué)校等宗教院校8所。宗教團(tuán)體112個(gè)，其中自治區(qū)級(jí)宗教團(tuán)體2個(gè)，即自治區(qū)伊斯蘭教協(xié)會(huì)、佛教協(xié)會(huì)，自治區(qū)伊斯蘭教協(xié)會(huì)還設(shè)有教務(wù)指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)；地、州、市伊斯蘭教協(xié)會(huì)14個(gè)，佛教協(xié)會(huì)3個(gè)，基督教三自愛(ài)國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)委員會(huì)1個(gè)；縣、市伊斯蘭教協(xié)會(huì)88個(gè)，佛教協(xié)會(huì)2個(gè)，基督教三自愛(ài)國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)委員會(huì)2個(gè)。
Xinjiang now has 24,800 venues for religious activities, including mosques, churches, lamaseries and temples, with 29,300 clerical personnel. Among these, 24,400 mosques have 29,000 clerical personnel; 59 Buddhist temples have 280 clerical personnel; one Taoist temple has one cleric; 227 Protestant churches (meeting grounds) have 26 clerical personnel; 26 Catholic churches (meeting grounds) have 27 clerical personnel; and three Orthodox churches (meeting grounds) have one cleric. There are eight religious colleges, including the Xinjiang Islamic Institute and Xinjiang Islamic School. There are also 112 religious organizations, among which, at the autonomous region level, there are two organizations, namely, an Islamic association with a committee for Islamic affairs, and a Buddhist association; at the level of prefectures and prefecture-level cities there are 14 Islamic associations, three Buddhist associations and one Protestant Three-self Patriotic Movement committee; and at the level of county and county-level cities there are 88 Islamic associations, two Buddhist associations and two Protestant Three-self Patriotic Movement committees.

加強(qiáng)教職人員培養(yǎng)培訓(xùn)。通過(guò)教職人員帶培、經(jīng)文學(xué)校（班、點(diǎn)）學(xué)習(xí)、經(jīng)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)等途徑，培養(yǎng)后備教職人員。建立和完善培訓(xùn)體系，對(duì)在職教職人員進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)培訓(xùn)。開(kāi)設(shè)教職人員解經(jīng)骨干培訓(xùn)班、宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所民主管理組織負(fù)責(zé)人培訓(xùn)班等，提升宗教團(tuán)體自我管理水平。自2001年始，國(guó)家宗教事務(wù)局已舉辦12期伊斯蘭教解經(jīng)骨干培訓(xùn)班，為新疆培訓(xùn)教職人員500多人次。新疆佛教協(xié)會(huì)定期舉辦教職人員佛學(xué)知識(shí)培訓(xùn)班。政府經(jīng)常組織教職人員赴內(nèi)地學(xué)習(xí)交流，開(kāi)闊視野，提升素養(yǎng)。中央政府支持新疆伊斯蘭教經(jīng)學(xué)院擴(kuò)建校舍，改善教學(xué)環(huán)境，擴(kuò)大招生規(guī)模。
The training of clerical personnel has been strengthened. Trainee clerical personnel study under clerical personnel, at scripture schools (classes or workshops), at colleges, and by other means. A training system has been established and improved to provide systematic training programs for in-service clerical personnel. Training courses on scripture interpretation or for people in charge of management and organization of venues for religious activities are run to enhance the level of self-management of religions organizations. Since 2001 the State Administration for Religious Affairs has held 12 training classes on Islamic scripture interpretation, training more than 500 clerical personnel for Xinjiang. The Xinjiang Buddhist Association holds regular training classes on Buddhist knowledge for clerical personnel. The government of Xinjiang regularly organizes clerical personnel to go to inland provinces for study and exchanges, so as to broaden their horizon and enhance their capabilities. The central government helps the Xinjiang Islamic Institute to extend buildings, improve the teaching conditions and expand enrollment.

不斷拓寬獲得宗教知識(shí)的途徑。已翻譯出版發(fā)行維吾爾、漢、哈薩克、柯?tīng)柨俗蔚榷喾N文字版的《古蘭經(jīng)》《布哈里圣訓(xùn)實(shí)錄精華》等宗教經(jīng)典書(shū)籍，編輯發(fā)行《新編臥爾茲演講集》系列及《中國(guó)穆斯林》雜志，總量達(dá)176萬(wàn)余冊(cè)。出版發(fā)行佛教、基督教等宗教經(jīng)典。僅2014年至2015年，新疆發(fā)行的民族文字版的伊斯蘭教類出版物43種100萬(wàn)余冊(cè)，其中新版維吾爾文《古蘭經(jīng)》23萬(wàn)余冊(cè)、《伊斯蘭教基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)讀本》2.9萬(wàn)余冊(cè)。中國(guó)伊斯蘭教協(xié)會(huì)網(wǎng)站專門(mén)開(kāi)設(shè)維吾爾語(yǔ)網(wǎng)頁(yè)。新疆伊斯蘭教協(xié)會(huì)成立《新疆穆斯林》雜志社，創(chuàng)辦維吾爾、漢、哈薩克三種文字版雜志，免費(fèi)發(fā)放給清真寺和教職人員；開(kāi)辦維吾爾、漢兩種文字版的“新疆穆斯林網(wǎng)”網(wǎng)站。宗教團(tuán)體舉辦信教公民宗教知識(shí)、禮儀培訓(xùn)班。
Channels for believers to gain religious knowledge have been expanded. Religious classics and books have been translated and published, including the Koran and Selections from Al-Sahih Muhammad Ibn-Ismail al-Bukhari, in the Uygur, Han Chinese, Kazak and Kirgiz languages. The New Collection of Waez's Speeches series and the magazine China's Muslims are compiled and published, with a total circulation of over 1.76 million. Religious classics on Buddhism and Christianity are published and distributed. From 2014 to 2015, Xinjiang has distributed 43 Islamic publications in different languages of minority ethnic groups, totaling over one million copies, including over 230,000 copies of new Koran and over 29,000 copies of Basic Knowledge of Islam, both in the Uygur language. The China Islamic Association provides a Uygur-language version of its website. The Xinjiang Islamic Association publishes the magazine Xinjiang Muslims in the Uygur, Han Chinese and Kazak languages, providing free copies to mosques and clerical personnel. It has also opened the "Xinjiang Muslims" website in the Uygur and Han Chinese languages. Religious organizations hold training classes on religious knowledge and etiquette for believers.

四、依法管理宗教事務(wù)
IV. Managing Religious Affairs in Accordance with the Law

新疆依照法律法規(guī)，按照“保護(hù)合法、制止非法、遏制極端、抵御滲透、打擊犯罪”的原則，對(duì)宗教事務(wù)進(jìn)行管理，保護(hù)宗教信仰自由，保障正常宗教活動(dòng)有序進(jìn)行。
In accordance with laws and regulations and the principle of "protecting the legal, stopping the illegal, containing the extreme, resisting infiltration, and combating crimes," Xinjiang manages religious affairs, protects people's freedom of religious belief, and ensures that normal religious activities proceed in an orderly way.

新疆先后頒布和修訂《新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所管理暫行規(guī)則》《新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)宗教活動(dòng)管理暫行規(guī)定》《新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)宗教教職人員管理暫行規(guī)定》《新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)宗教事務(wù)條例》等法規(guī)規(guī)章，明確了宗教團(tuán)體、宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所、宗教教職人員的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。新疆還將不斷完善宗教事務(wù)管理法規(guī)規(guī)章，進(jìn)一步提高宗教工作法治化水平。
Xinjiang has promulgated and amended a series of regulations, including the Provisional Regulations of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on the Administration of Sites for Religious Activities, the Provisional Regulations of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on the Administration of Religious Activities, the Provisional Regulations of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on the Administration of Religious Personnel and the Regulations of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Religious Affairs, which define the rights and obligations of religious organizations, venues for religious activities and religious personnel. Xinjiang will further improve its rules and regulations on the administration of religious affairs and the rule of law in its work in this regard.

宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所的管理。在新疆，宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所依法向政府履行登記手續(xù)，一經(jīng)登記，便獲得合法地位。政府頒發(fā)《土地使用證》《房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)證》《宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所登記證》。宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所享有成立民主管理組織、管理內(nèi)部事務(wù)、組織開(kāi)展宗教活動(dòng)、接受捐贈(zèng)、管理使用財(cái)產(chǎn)、依法興辦社會(huì)公益事業(yè)等權(quán)利。宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所的合法權(quán)益受法律保護(hù)，任何組織和個(gè)人不得侵犯和干預(yù)。進(jìn)入宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所的組織和個(gè)人，必須遵守宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所管理制度，尊重宗教教職人員和信教公民。通過(guò)宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所的依法管理和信教公民的自我管理，保證宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所活動(dòng)安全有序、管理規(guī)范、環(huán)境整潔。
Administrate venues for religious activities. Venues for religious activities in Xinjiang have to go through government registration formalities in accordance with the law before they get legal status. The government issues the land-use certificate, housing-ownership certificate and registration certificate for each such venue. The venues enjoy the right to establish democratic management organizations, manage their internal affairs, organize and conduct religious activities, receive donations, manage and use property, and initiate public welfare programs. The legitimate rights and interests of the venues are protected by law, and no infringement or intervention by any organization or individual is allowed. Anyone that enters the venues must follow the administration regulations and respect the religious personnel and believers. Through the administration of the venues in accordance with the law and the self-management of religious believers, activities in the venues are held in a safe and orderly way, and the venues are properly managed and enjoy a clean environment.

宗教活動(dòng)的管理。在新疆，正常宗教活動(dòng)受法律保護(hù)，信教公民的集體宗教活動(dòng)必須在依法登記的宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所內(nèi)進(jìn)行。宗教活動(dòng)應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守社會(huì)秩序、工作秩序、生活秩序和公共場(chǎng)所的相關(guān)規(guī)定。宗教團(tuán)體負(fù)責(zé)協(xié)調(diào)解決宗教內(nèi)部事務(wù)，政府不予干涉。
Administrate religious activities. Normal religious activities in Xinjiang are protected by law. It is required that group activities of religious believers be carried out in lawfully registered venues. Religious activities must comply with the regular order of society, work and life, as well as the regulations governing public places. Religious organizations are responsible for coordinating internal religious affairs, and the government should not interfere.

宗教教職人員的管理。在新疆，依照法律法規(guī)和宗教傳統(tǒng)，教職人員享有主持宗教活動(dòng)、宗教儀式等權(quán)利，可以接受社會(huì)和個(gè)人的捐贈(zèng)。除宗教團(tuán)體外，其他任何組織或者個(gè)人不得委派、指定、聘任或者撤換教職人員。教職人員必須履行公民義務(wù)，維護(hù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一、民族團(tuán)結(jié)和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。
Administrate clerical personnel. In accordance with laws, regulations and religious traditions, clerical personnel in Xinjiang enjoy the right to preside over religious activities and ceremonies, and may receive social and individual donations. No organization or individual other than a religious group is allowed to appoint, designate, employ, dismiss or replace religious personnel. Clerical personnel must fulfill their civic obligations, and uphold national unification, ethnic unity and social stability.

規(guī)范行政管理部門(mén)的行政行為。在新疆，縣級(jí)以上政府宗教事務(wù)部門(mén)依法對(duì)本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)宗教事務(wù)進(jìn)行管理，其他行政管理部門(mén)在各自法定職責(zé)范圍內(nèi)負(fù)責(zé)與宗教事務(wù)有關(guān)的行政管理工作。國(guó)家有關(guān)部門(mén)和新疆通過(guò)舉辦培訓(xùn)班等方式，提高宗教事務(wù)部門(mén)工作人員依法管理宗教事務(wù)的能力和水平。對(duì)侵犯宗教團(tuán)體、宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所、教職人員和信教公民合法權(quán)益的，承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的法律責(zé)任；構(gòu)成犯罪的，追究刑事責(zé)任。各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)對(duì)宗教事務(wù)依法管理情況進(jìn)行監(jiān)督。
Regulate activities of administrative departments. In Xinjiang, religious affairs departments at the county level or above manage the religious affairs of their respective administrative regions in accordance with the law, and other administrative departments are in charge of administrative work related to religious affairs within their respective statutory duties. Relevant departments of the state and local government in Xinjiang provide training sessions for functionaries of religious affairs departments to improve their capabilities in administrating religious affairs. Those who have violated the legitimate rights and interests of religious organizations, venues for religious activities or clerical personnel or believers will bear due legal responsibilities, and those who have committed crimes will be held criminally responsible. Standing committees of the people's congresses at all levels supervise the administration of religious affairs in accordance with the law.

依法懲處利用宗教進(jìn)行的違法犯罪活動(dòng)。中國(guó)政府禁止任何組織或者個(gè)人利用宗教進(jìn)行分裂國(guó)家、傳播宗教極端思想、煽動(dòng)民族仇恨、破壞民族團(tuán)結(jié)、擾亂社會(huì)秩序、損害公民身心健康的活動(dòng)；禁止利用宗教妨礙國(guó)家行政、司法、教育、文化、婚姻、計(jì)劃生育、繼承等制度的實(shí)施；禁止利用宗教進(jìn)行其他危害國(guó)家安全和利益、社會(huì)公共利益和公民合法權(quán)益的活動(dòng)。新疆各級(jí)司法機(jī)關(guān)打擊利用宗教進(jìn)行的違法犯罪活動(dòng)，是為了更好地保護(hù)公民的宗教信仰自由權(quán)利和正常的宗教活動(dòng)。新疆迄今沒(méi)有公民因?yàn)檎?dāng)信仰宗教而被懲處。
Punish illegal behavior in the guise of religion. The Chinese government prohibits any organization or individual from splitting the country, disseminating extremist religious thoughts, inciting ethnic hatred, undermining national unity, disturbing the social order, or impairing citizens' physical and mental health in the name of religion. The government prohibits any act that impedes the implementation of the systems of state administration, justice, education, culture, marriage, family planning or inheritance in the name of religion. It also prohibits behavior that violates national security and interests, public interests, and citizens' legitimate rights and interests in the name of religion. Judicial organs at all levels in Xinjiang combat criminal activities in the name of religion to better ensure the citizens' freedom of religious belief and normal religious activities. No Xinjiang citizen has been punished because of his or her rightful religious belief.

堅(jiān)持管理與服務(wù)并重。新疆各級(jí)政府相關(guān)職能部門(mén)積極幫助宗教界解決實(shí)際困難，努力做好服務(wù)保障工作。幫助宗教團(tuán)體和宗教院校改善辦公、辦學(xué)條件，消除宗教活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所安全隱患，將教職人員納入社會(huì)保障體系，還定期對(duì)生活困難等符合條件的教職人員發(fā)放生活補(bǔ)貼。
Attach equal importance to management and services. Relevant functional departments at governments at all levels in Xinjiang actively help religious circles solve practical difficulties and provide them with services. They help religious organizations and schools improve work and school conditions, eliminate all security risks of venues for religious activities, include clerical personnel in the social security system, and provide living allowances for disadvantaged clerical personnel on a regular basis.

堅(jiān)持宗教獨(dú)立自主自辦原則。中國(guó)的宗教事業(yè)由中國(guó)各宗教團(tuán)體、教職人員和信教公民來(lái)辦，中國(guó)的宗教事務(wù)和宗教團(tuán)體不受外國(guó)勢(shì)力支配。外國(guó)人在中國(guó)境內(nèi)參加宗教活動(dòng)，必須遵守中國(guó)的法律法規(guī)，不得干涉中國(guó)的宗教教務(wù)。新疆作為中國(guó)的一個(gè)省級(jí)行政區(qū)，堅(jiān)持宗教獨(dú)立自主自辦的原則。
Uphold principles of independence and self-management of China's religious undertakings. China's religious undertakings are run by religious groups, personnel or citizens, and its religious affairs or organizations are not subject to any foreign domination. Foreigners must abide by Chinese laws and regulations when participating in religious activities within Chinese territory and must not interfere in China's religious affairs. As a provincial-level administrative region of China, Xinjiang sticks to the principle of independence and self-management in terms of its religious affairs.