防曬霜到底怎么選?看完這篇科普再也不迷茫了
中國日報網(wǎng) 2018-05-17 17:22
防曬是一年四季都不能偷懶的護膚步驟,更是夏日護膚的重中之重。相信許多小仙女都知道涂防曬霜的必要性,但你真的對防曬霜足夠了解嗎?你知道UVA和UVB的區(qū)別嗎?選擇防曬霜應(yīng)該注意哪些指標(biāo)?一起來看看皮膚科醫(yī)生的專業(yè)建議。
UVB rays
中波紫外線
“People think that SPF equals everything,” says Dr. Roopal Kundu, a dermatologist at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. And it does count for a lot: the sun protection factor measures a sunscreen’s ability to filter UVB rays, which are related to sunburn and skin cancer. But SPF only measures UVB rays; it doesn’t tell you anything about protection from UVA rays, Kundu says.
西北大學(xué)費因伯格醫(yī)學(xué)院皮膚科醫(yī)生昆都稱:“人們認為防曬系數(shù)代表一切。”防曬系數(shù)的確很重要:它衡量的是防曬霜過濾中波紫外線的能力,中波紫外線與曬傷和皮膚癌有關(guān)。但防曬系數(shù)僅表示過濾中波紫外線的能力,它并不代表任何防護長波紫外線的能力。
UVA rays
長波紫外線
The most misunderstood part of sunscreen is UVA. “UVA is around every day; it can penetrate through window glass,” she says. Like UVB, it’s also related to an increased risk of skin cancer, but unlike UVB, it’s not filtered by the ozone at all, Kundu says. UVA doesn’t cause sunburn, but “it really leads to darkening and aging, because it penetrates deeper into the skin and has more influence in the collagen.”
人們對防曬霜最大的誤解是長波紫外線。昆都表示,“長波紫外線隨時都圍繞著我們,它可以穿透窗戶玻璃。”和中波紫外線一樣,長波紫外線也與增加患皮膚癌的風(fēng)險有關(guān),但與中波紫外線不同的是,長波紫外線完全沒有經(jīng)過臭氧層的過濾。長波紫外線不會導(dǎo)致曬傷,“但會讓皮膚變黑老化,因為它能更深入皮膚,對膠原蛋白產(chǎn)生更大影響”。
There’s only one way to tell whether your sunscreen offers UVA coverage: the words “broad spectrum.” Without the words “broad spectrum” your sunscreen likely doesn’t offer coverage from UVA, Kundu says.
只有一種方法可以判斷你的防曬霜是否能夠阻擋長波紫外線:那就是“廣譜防曬”。昆都稱,如果沒有“廣譜防曬”這個詞,你的防曬霜可能無法抵擋長波紫外線。
Most active ingredients in sunscreen shield against UVB, but far fewer have UVA coverage, and only a handful offer both.
防曬霜中的大部分活性成分對中波紫外線具有屏蔽作用,但能屏蔽長波紫外線的成分卻少得多,而只有少數(shù)幾種成分能同時屏蔽兩種紫外線。
Personally, Kundu uses an SPF 30 sunscreen with the active ingredient zinc oxide, a natural sunscreen ingredient that physically—instead of chemically—blocks rays. Zinc oxide protects against both UVA and UVB rays.
昆都個人使用的是含有活性成分氧化鋅、防曬系數(shù)30的防曬霜,氧化鋅是一種天然防曬成分,通過物理方式而非化學(xué)方式阻擋紫外線。氧化鋅能同時阻擋長波紫外線和中波紫外線。
SPF numbers
防曬系數(shù)值
防曬系數(shù)(Sun Protection Factor)是指在涂有防曬劑防護的皮膚上產(chǎn)生最小紅斑所需能量,與未加任何防護的皮膚上產(chǎn)生相同程度紅斑所需能量之比值,簡單說來,它就是皮膚抵擋紫外線的時間倍數(shù)。
An SPF of 30 means that technically, you could be out in the sun 30 times longer before you get sunburned than you would be able to if you went out without sunscreen, as long as you keep reapplying it appropriately.
防曬系數(shù)30意味著,理論上你在戶外被太陽曬傷的時間是你沒涂防曬被曬傷的時間的30倍,前提是你一直適當(dāng)補涂。
例如:在不涂防曬產(chǎn)品的情況下,在陽光下停留20分鐘后,你的皮膚會稍稍變成淡紅色,則防曬系數(shù)30的產(chǎn)品可保護你達10小時之久。
20(分鐘)*30(SPF)=600分鐘(10小時)
防曬系數(shù)并不是直接反應(yīng)對紫外線的抵擋能力,而且還不是一個線性關(guān)系的指標(biāo),所以防曬系數(shù)并非越高越好。相反,防曬系數(shù)越高的防曬霜使用起來越油膩、厚重、不舒適。
According to Kundu, SPF 15 filters about 93% of UVB rays; SPF 30 filters about 97% of UVB rays; and SPF 50 filters about 98% of UVB rays. The difference between SPF 30 and SPF 50 is only a 1% filtering improvement, she says, and since SPF 30 is readily available at many different price points, that’s the one many dermatologists recommend.
據(jù)昆都稱,防曬系數(shù)15可過濾約93%的中波紫外線,防曬系數(shù)30可過濾約97%的中波紫外線,而防曬系數(shù)50可過濾約98%的中波紫外線。防曬系數(shù)30和50之間的防護能力僅相差1%。昆都稱,因為防曬系數(shù)30的防曬霜有許多價格可供選擇,所以受到許多皮膚科醫(yī)生推薦。
How much you need
你需要什么樣的防曬霜
Bottom line: Typical adults should buy a water-resistant, broad-spectrum SPF 30 sunscreen, reapply every two hours and use the right amount.
底線:普通成年人應(yīng)該購買一款防水、廣譜防曬系數(shù)30的防曬霜,每兩個小時適當(dāng)補涂一次。
這里需要說明的是,長波紫外線防護能力評價指標(biāo)目前為止還沒有全球統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。歐美現(xiàn)在更多采用的是Broad Spectrum SPF,也就是代表廣譜防曬,表示產(chǎn)品既能防護中波紫外線也能防護長波紫外線。
但如果你購買的是日系防曬霜,需要注意的是PA值。PA(Protection UVA)是1996年日本化妝品工業(yè)聯(lián)合會公布的“UVA防止效果測定法標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,指的是防止長波紫外線的有效程度指標(biāo),是日系防曬中最廣被采用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),防御效果被區(qū)分為三級,即PA+、PA++、PA+++,2013年又加入PA++++。
英文來源:Time
編譯:董靜
審校:yaning