二、今年發(fā)展主要目標(biāo)和下一階段工作總體部署
II. Main targets for development in 2020 and the overall plan for the next stage of work

做好今年政府工作，要在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，以習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想為指導(dǎo)，全面貫徹黨的十九大和十九屆二中、三中、四中全會(huì)精神，堅(jiān)決貫徹黨的基本理論、基本路線、基本方略，增強(qiáng)“四個(gè)意識(shí)”、堅(jiān)定“四個(gè)自信”、做到“兩個(gè)維護(hù)”，緊扣全面建成小康社會(huì)目標(biāo)任務(wù)，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展工作，在疫情防控常態(tài)化前提下，堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，堅(jiān)持新發(fā)展理念，堅(jiān)持以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線，堅(jiān)持以改革開放為動(dòng)力推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，堅(jiān)決打好三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)，加大“六穩(wěn)”工作力度，保居民就業(yè)、?；久裆⒈Ｊ袌?chǎng)主體、保糧食能源安全、保產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈穩(wěn)定、保基層運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，堅(jiān)定實(shí)施擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需戰(zhàn)略，維護(hù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定大局，確保完成決戰(zhàn)決勝脫貧攻堅(jiān)目標(biāo)任務(wù)，全面建成小康社會(huì)。
For the government to deliver this year, we must, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, do the following:
? follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; implement the guiding principles of the Party’s 19th National Congress and the second, third, and fourth plenary sessions of its 19th Central Committee in full; firmly act on the Party’s basic theory, line, and policy;
? strengthen our consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership;
? carry out covid-19 control and promote economic and social development to fulfill the targets and tasks for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects;
? while carrying out regular covid-19 control, continue to follow the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, apply the new development philosophy, pursue supply-side structural reform as our main task, and draw momentum from reform and opening up to promote high-quality development;
? make progress in the three critical battles; step up efforts to ensure stability on six fronts and maintain security in six areas; steadfastly pursue the strategy of expanding domestic demand, ensure economic development and social stability, accomplish the targets and tasks for winning the battle against poverty, and bring to completion the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

當(dāng)前和今后一個(gè)時(shí)期，我國(guó)發(fā)展面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)前所未有，但我們有獨(dú)特政治和制度優(yōu)勢(shì)、雄厚經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)、巨大市場(chǎng)潛力，億萬人民勤勞智慧。只要直面挑戰(zhàn)，堅(jiān)定發(fā)展信心，增強(qiáng)發(fā)展動(dòng)力，維護(hù)和用好我國(guó)發(fā)展重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，當(dāng)前的難關(guān)一定能闖過，中國(guó)的發(fā)展必將充滿希望。
At present and for some time to come, China will face challenges like never before. However, we have unique political and institutional strengths, a strong economic foundation, enormous market potential, and hundreds of millions of intelligent and hardworking people. If we face challenges head-on, boost confidence in development, create strong impetus for growth, and preserve and make the most of this important period of strategic opportunity for our development, we will, without doubt, be able to make it through this challenging time. The horizons for China’s development are full of promise.

綜合研判形勢(shì)，我們對(duì)疫情前考慮的預(yù)期目標(biāo)作了適當(dāng)調(diào)整。今年要優(yōu)先穩(wěn)就業(yè)保民生，堅(jiān)決打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建成小康社會(huì)目標(biāo)任務(wù)；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)900萬人以上，城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率6%左右，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率5.5%左右；居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅3.5%左右；進(jìn)出口促穩(wěn)提質(zhì)，國(guó)際收支基本平衡；居民收入增長(zhǎng)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)基本同步；現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下農(nóng)村貧困人口全部脫貧、貧困縣全部摘帽；重大金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有效防控；單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗和主要污染物排放量繼續(xù)下降，努力完成“十三五”規(guī)劃目標(biāo)任務(wù)。
On the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the current situation, we have made proper adjustments to the targets that we were considering before covid-19 struck. This year, we must give priority to stabilizing employment and ensuring living standards, win the battle against poverty, and achieve the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects. Specifically, we have set the following targets:
? Over 9 million new urban jobs, a surveyed urban unemployment rate of around 6 percent, and a registered urban unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent
? CPI increase of around 3.5 percent
? More stable and higher-quality imports and exports, and a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments
? Growth in personal income that is basically in step with economic growth
? Elimination of poverty among all rural residents living below the current poverty line and in all poor counties
? Effective prevention and control of major financial risks
? A further drop in energy consumption per unit of GDP and the discharge of major pollutants
? Accomplishment of the 13th Five-Year Plan

需要說明的是，我們沒有提出全年經(jīng)濟(jì)增速具體目標(biāo)，主要因?yàn)槿蛞咔楹徒?jīng)貿(mào)形勢(shì)不確定性很大，我國(guó)發(fā)展面臨一些難以預(yù)料的影響因素。這樣做，有利于引導(dǎo)各方面集中精力抓好“六穩(wěn)”、“六?！??！傲！笔墙衲辍傲€(wěn)”工作的著力點(diǎn)。守住“六?！钡拙€，就能穩(wěn)住經(jīng)濟(jì)基本盤；以保促穩(wěn)、穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)，就能為全面建成小康社會(huì)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。要看到，無論是保住就業(yè)民生、實(shí)現(xiàn)脫貧目標(biāo)，還是防范化解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，都要有經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)支撐，穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行事關(guān)全局。要用改革開放辦法，穩(wěn)就業(yè)、保民生、促消費(fèi)，拉動(dòng)市場(chǎng)、穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)，走出一條有效應(yīng)對(duì)沖擊、實(shí)現(xiàn)良性循環(huán)的新路子。
I would like to point out that we have not set a specific target for economic growth this year. This is because our country will face some factors in its development that are difficult to predict due to the great uncertainty regarding the covid-19 pandemic and the world economic and trade environment. Not setting a specific target for economic growth will enable all of us to concentrate on ensuring stability on the six fronts and security in the six areas. We must focus on maintaining security in the six areas in order to ensure stability on the six fronts. By doing so, we will be able to keep the fundamentals of the economy stable. Maintaining security will deliver the stability needed to pursue progress, thus laying a solid foundation for accomplishing our goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
We must be clear that efforts to stabilize employment, ensure living standards, eliminate poverty, and prevent and defuse risks must be underpinned by economic growth; so ensuring stable economic performance is of crucial significance. We must pursue reform and opening up as a means to stabilize employment, ensure people’s wellbeing, stimulate consumption, energize the market, and achieve stable growth. We need to blaze a new path that enables us to respond effectively to shocks and sustain a positive growth cycle.

積極的財(cái)政政策要更加積極有為。今年赤字率擬按3.6%以上安排，財(cái)政赤字規(guī)模比去年增加1萬億元，同時(shí)發(fā)行1萬億元抗疫特別國(guó)債。這是特殊時(shí)期的特殊舉措。上述2萬億元全部轉(zhuǎn)給地方，建立特殊轉(zhuǎn)移支付機(jī)制，資金直達(dá)市縣基層、直接惠企利民，主要用于保就業(yè)、?；久裆?、保市場(chǎng)主體，包括支持減稅降費(fèi)、減租降息、擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)和投資等，強(qiáng)化公共財(cái)政屬性，決不允許截留挪用。要大力優(yōu)化財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，基本民生支出只增不減，重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域支出要切實(shí)保障，一般性支出要堅(jiān)決壓減，嚴(yán)禁新建樓堂館所，嚴(yán)禁鋪張浪費(fèi)。各級(jí)政府必須真正過緊日子，中央政府要帶頭，中央本級(jí)支出安排負(fù)增長(zhǎng)，其中非急需非剛性支出壓減50%以上。各類結(jié)余、沉淀資金要應(yīng)收盡收、重新安排。要大力提質(zhì)增效，各項(xiàng)支出務(wù)必精打細(xì)算，一定要把每一筆錢都用在刀刃上、緊要處，一定要讓市場(chǎng)主體和人民群眾有真真切切的感受。
We will pursue a more proactive and impactful fiscal policy.
The deficit-to-GDP ratio this year is projected at more than 3.6 percent, with a deficit increase of one trillion yuan over last year. On top of this, one trillion yuan of government bonds for covid-19 control will also be issued. These are extraordinary measures for an unusual time.
The aforementioned two trillion yuan will be transferred in full to local governments; a special transfer payment mechanism will be set up to ensure that funds go straight to prefecture and county governments and directly benefit businesses and people. These funds should be primarily used to ensure employment, meet basic living needs, and protect market entities. This includes giving support to cut taxes and fees, reduce rents and interest on loans, and increase consumption and investment. It is important to stress that government funds are public in nature and that no such funds are allowed to be withheld or diverted for non-designated uses.
We will work harder to improve the composition of fiscal spending. We will see that spending on people’s basic wellbeing is only increased and not cut, ensure spending in key areas, and resolutely cut general expenditures. Construction of new government buildings and wasteful and excessive spending will be strictly prohibited.
Government at all levels must truly tighten its belt. The central government will take the lead by committing to negative growth in its budgetary spending, with a more than 50 percent cut to outlays on non-essential and non-obligatory items. All types of surplus, idle and carryover funds that should be taken back will be withdrawn and reallocated. We will see that funds are put to better and more effective use; we will scrutinize all expenditure items and see that every cent is used where it is needed most and where market entities and the people will feel the greatest benefit from it.

穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策要更加靈活適度。綜合運(yùn)用降準(zhǔn)降息、再貸款等手段，引導(dǎo)廣義貨幣供應(yīng)量和社會(huì)融資規(guī)模增速明顯高于去年。保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上基本穩(wěn)定。創(chuàng)新直達(dá)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的貨幣政策工具，務(wù)必推動(dòng)企業(yè)便利獲得貸款，推動(dòng)利率持續(xù)下行。
We will pursue a prudent monetary policy in a more flexible and appropriate way.
We will use a variety of tools such as required reserve ratio reductions, interest rate cuts, and re-lending to enable M2 money supply and aggregate financing to grow at notably higher rates than last year. We will keep the RMB exchange rate generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level. As we work to develop new monetary policy instruments that can directly stimulate the real economy, it is crucial that we take steps to ensure enterprises can secure loans more easily, and promote steady reduction of interest rates.

就業(yè)優(yōu)先政策要全面強(qiáng)化。財(cái)政、貨幣和投資等政策要聚力支持穩(wěn)就業(yè)。努力穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)有就業(yè)，積極增加新的就業(yè)，促進(jìn)失業(yè)人員再就業(yè)。各地要清理取消對(duì)就業(yè)的不合理限制，促就業(yè)舉措要應(yīng)出盡出，拓崗位辦法要能用盡用。
We will strengthen the employment-first policy with comprehensive measures.
We will create synergy to stabilize employment through the coordinated use of fiscal, monetary, and investment policies. We will strive to keep existing jobs secure, work actively to create new ones, and help unemployed people find work. All local governments need to overhaul or rescind excessive restrictions on employment, and adopt all possible measures to bolster employment.

脫貧是全面建成小康社會(huì)必須完成的硬任務(wù)，要堅(jiān)持現(xiàn)行脫貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，增加扶貧投入，強(qiáng)化扶貧舉措落實(shí)，確保剩余貧困人口全部脫貧，健全和執(zhí)行好返貧人口監(jiān)測(cè)幫扶機(jī)制，鞏固脫貧成果。要打好藍(lán)天、碧水、凈土保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)污染防治攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)階段性目標(biāo)。加強(qiáng)金融等領(lǐng)域重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控，堅(jiān)決守住不發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)底線。
Eliminating poverty is an obligatory task we must complete in order to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects. We will continue to apply the current poverty alleviation standards, increase inputs into poverty alleviation, and take stronger steps to implement poverty reduction measures, to ensure that all remaining poor people are lifted out of poverty. We will improve and effectively utilize mechanisms for monitoring and assisting people who fall back into poverty and consolidate our gains in poverty alleviation. We will endeavor to protect our blue skies, clear waters, and clean lands, and meet the goals for the critical battle of pollution prevention and control. Strong measures will be taken to prevent and control major risks in the financial and other sectors and to forestall systemic risks.

今年已過去近5個(gè)月，下一階段要毫不放松常態(tài)化疫情防控，抓緊做好經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展各項(xiàng)工作。出臺(tái)的政策既保持力度又考慮可持續(xù)性，根據(jù)形勢(shì)變化還可完善，我們有決心有能力完成全年目標(biāo)任務(wù)。
Almost five months of this year have passed. In the next stage, we will not let up on any front of our long-term fight against covid-19, nor will we lose any time in advancing China’s economic and social development agenda. The policies we adopt should be both forceful and sustainable, and they may be adjusted as called for. We have both the resolve and ability to accomplish the targets and tasks set for this year.

三、加大宏觀政策實(shí)施力度，著力穩(wěn)企業(yè)保就業(yè)
III．Forcefully implementing macro policies to keep businesses and employment stable

保障就業(yè)和民生，必須穩(wěn)住上億市場(chǎng)主體，盡力幫助企業(yè)特別是中小微企業(yè)、個(gè)體工商戶渡過難關(guān)。
To ensure employment and people’s wellbeing, we must instill confidence in over one hundred million market entities; and we must do our utmost to help businesses, particularly MSMEs, and self-employed individuals get through this challenging time.

加大減稅降費(fèi)力度。強(qiáng)化階段性政策，與制度性安排相結(jié)合，放水養(yǎng)魚，助力市場(chǎng)主體紓困發(fā)展。繼續(xù)執(zhí)行去年出臺(tái)的下調(diào)增值稅稅率和企業(yè)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率政策，新增減稅降費(fèi)約5000億元。前期出臺(tái)6月前到期的減稅降費(fèi)政策，包括免征中小微企業(yè)養(yǎng)老、失業(yè)和工傷保險(xiǎn)單位繳費(fèi)，減免小規(guī)模納稅人增值稅，免征公共交通運(yùn)輸、餐飲住宿、旅游娛樂、文化體育等服務(wù)增值稅，減免民航發(fā)展基金、港口建設(shè)費(fèi)，執(zhí)行期限全部延長(zhǎng)到今年年底。小微企業(yè)、個(gè)體工商戶所得稅繳納一律延緩到明年。預(yù)計(jì)全年為企業(yè)新增減負(fù)超過2.5萬億元。要堅(jiān)決把減稅降費(fèi)政策落到企業(yè)，留得青山，贏得未來。
We will further cut taxes and fees.
We will aggressively implement current policies in conjunction with institutional arrangements to create a more enabling environment and help market entities overcome difficulties and achieve development. We will continue implementing the policies introduced last year on lowering VAT rates and the share of employees’ basic old-age insurance paid by enterprises, and we will make further tax and fee cuts of about 500 billion yuan.
The policies introduced early this year that are due to expire by June will all be extended till the end of the year. They include the following: exempting MSMEs from contributions to basic old-age insurance, unemployment insurance, and work injury compensation insurance schemes; reducing or cancelling VAT for small-scale taxpayers; exempting VAT on services such as public transportation, restaurants and hotels, tourism and entertainment, and culture and sports; and reducing or cancelling civil aviation development fund contributions and port development fees. The payment of corporate income taxes by micro and small businesses and self-employed individuals will be postponed to next year.
We expect that these measures will see additional savings of more than 2.5 trillion yuan for enterprises throughout the year. All tax and fee reduction policies must be fully implemented for our businesses, so that they can sustain themselves and assure success for the future.

推動(dòng)降低企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)成本。降低工商業(yè)電價(jià)5%政策延長(zhǎng)到今年年底。寬帶和專線平均資費(fèi)降低15%。減免國(guó)有房產(chǎn)租金，鼓勵(lì)各類業(yè)主減免或緩收房租，并予政策支持。堅(jiān)決整治涉企違規(guī)收費(fèi)。
We will reduce enterprises’ production and operating costs.
The policy of reducing electricity prices for general industrial and commercial businesses by 5 percent will be extended to the end of the year. The rates for broadband and dedicated internet access services will be cut by 15 percent on average. Rents for state-owned premises will be lowered or exempted, and all other types of property owners are encouraged to also reduce, waive, or defer rent payments, and they will receive policy support from the government in doing so. We will take firm steps to stop the unauthorized levy of fees on enterprises.

強(qiáng)化對(duì)穩(wěn)企業(yè)的金融支持。中小微企業(yè)貸款延期還本付息政策再延長(zhǎng)至明年3月底，對(duì)普惠型小微企業(yè)貸款應(yīng)延盡延，對(duì)其他困難企業(yè)貸款協(xié)商延期。完善考核激勵(lì)機(jī)制，鼓勵(lì)銀行敢貸、愿貸、能貸，大幅增加小微企業(yè)信用貸、首貸、無還本續(xù)貸，利用金融科技和大數(shù)據(jù)降低服務(wù)成本，提高服務(wù)精準(zhǔn)性。大幅拓展政府性融資擔(dān)保覆蓋面并明顯降低費(fèi)率。大型商業(yè)銀行普惠型小微企業(yè)貸款增速要高于40%。促進(jìn)涉企信用信息共享。支持企業(yè)擴(kuò)大債券融資。加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管，防止資金“空轉(zhuǎn)”套利，打擊惡意逃廢債。金融機(jī)構(gòu)與貸款企業(yè)共生共榮，鼓勵(lì)銀行合理讓利。為保市場(chǎng)主體，一定要讓中小微企業(yè)貸款可獲得性明顯提高，一定要讓綜合融資成本明顯下降。
We will increase financial support to keep business operations stable.
The policy allowing MSMEs to postpone principal and interest repayments on loans will be further extended till the end of March next year—payments on all inclusive loans of micro and small businesses eligible for this policy should also be deferred, and other businesses facing financial difficulties can discuss similar terms with their creditors.
We will improve assessment and incentive mechanisms and give encouragement to banks to see that they are confident, willing and able to grant loans, make substantial increases to credit loans, first-time loans, and loan renewals without repayment of principal to micro and small businesses, and apply financial technology and big data to reduce service costs and make their services more targeted.
The scope of the government financing guaranty will be expanded and guaranty fees will be reduced significantly. Large commercial banks should increase inclusive finance lending to micro and small businesses by more than 40 percent. We will encourage the sharing of enterprises’ credit information. We will support enterprises in increasing bond financing.
We should tighten regulation, prevent funds from simply circulating in the financial sector for the sake of arbitrage, and crack down on debt evasion. As financial institutions and the businesses that borrow from them share a common stake, we encourage banks to make appropriate interest concessions. To support market entities, we must ensure that MSMEs have significantly better access to loans and that overall financing costs drop markedly.

千方百計(jì)穩(wěn)定和擴(kuò)大就業(yè)。加強(qiáng)對(duì)重點(diǎn)行業(yè)、重點(diǎn)群體就業(yè)支持。今年高校畢業(yè)生達(dá)874萬人，要促進(jìn)市場(chǎng)化社會(huì)化就業(yè)，高校和屬地政府都要提供不斷線的就業(yè)服務(wù)，擴(kuò)大基層服務(wù)項(xiàng)目招聘。做好退役軍人安置和就業(yè)保障。實(shí)行農(nóng)民工在就業(yè)地平等享受就業(yè)服務(wù)政策。幫扶殘疾人、零就業(yè)家庭等困難群體就業(yè)。我國(guó)包括零工在內(nèi)的靈活就業(yè)人員數(shù)以億計(jì)，今年對(duì)低收入人員實(shí)行社保費(fèi)自愿緩繳政策，涉及就業(yè)的行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi)全部取消，合理設(shè)定流動(dòng)攤販經(jīng)營(yíng)場(chǎng)所。資助以訓(xùn)穩(wěn)崗?fù)貚?，加?qiáng)面向市場(chǎng)的技能培訓(xùn)，鼓勵(lì)以工代訓(xùn)，共建共享生產(chǎn)性實(shí)訓(xùn)基地，今明兩年職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)3500萬人次以上，高職院校擴(kuò)招200萬人，要使更多勞動(dòng)者長(zhǎng)技能、好就業(yè)。
We will make every effort to stabilize and expand employment.
We will increase employment support for key sectors and key groups. With 8.74 million college students graduating this year, we need to encourage market-based employment, ensure that colleges and the governments of localities where they are located provide employment services to these students on an ongoing basis, and expand recruitment to primary-level service projects.
We will provide assistance and employment services for demobilized military personnel. We will adopt a policy to see rural migrant workers have equal access to employment services in the cities where they work. We will assist people with disabilities, zero-employment families, and other groups facing difficulty in securing work.
There are several hundred million workers, including casual laborers, in flexible employment in China. This year, low-income earners will be allowed to postpone the payment of their social insurance premiums, all employment-related government charges will be cancelled, and sites will be designated for mobile vendors.
We will finance skills training to stabilize and expand employment, step up market-oriented skills training, and encourage work-based training and the joint development and sharing of vocational training centers. This year and next, more than 35 million vocational skills training opportunities will be provided, and enrollment in vocational colleges will grow by 2 million. This will help more people improve their skills and secure jobs.