教育部近日發(fā)布公告，就《未成年人學(xué)校保護(hù)規(guī)定(征求意見稿)》公開征求意見。

The draft guideline designed to protect minors from sexual harassment, assault and bullying at primary and secondary schools and has asked schools to adopt a zero-tolerance approach to such incidents.
意見稿就預(yù)防學(xué)生在校被欺凌、性侵、侵害等多方面保護(hù)機(jī)制進(jìn)行了明確規(guī)定，要求學(xué)校建立對(duì)學(xué)生欺凌、性侵害、性騷擾行為的零容忍處理機(jī)制。

【單詞講解】

Bully這個(gè)詞作名詞講的時(shí)候就是指“惡霸，仗勢(shì)欺人者”，比如：I fell victim to the office bully.（我成了辦公室惡霸的欺凌對(duì)象），所以，實(shí)施校園欺凌的人就叫school bully。這個(gè)詞也可以直接用作動(dòng)詞，表示“欺凌”，比如：Our survey indicates that one in four children is bullied at school（我們調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，四分之一的孩子在學(xué)校遭受過欺凌），bully someone into doing something就是“強(qiáng)迫某人做某事”；而bullying這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞形式則表示“欺凌行為”。

意見稿中有關(guān)特別保護(hù)的規(guī)定還包括：

Teachers should immediately intervene and stop students from bullying others via physical or verbal assaults, giving insulting nicknames, damaging others' property, isolating classmates and spreading rumors, the guideline said.
教職工發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生有身體侵害或言語(yǔ)侵害他人、起侮辱性綽號(hào)、故意毀壞他人財(cái)物、孤立或散播謠言等行為的，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)制止。

They should report instances of bullying to school authorities, who should launch an investigation and punish culprits if allegations are verified.
教職工發(fā)現(xiàn)欺凌行為的應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)向?qū)W校報(bào)告，學(xué)校接到舉報(bào)投訴，應(yīng)當(dāng)立即開展調(diào)查，認(rèn)為可能構(gòu)成欺凌的，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)處置。

Schools should not conceal serious bullying incidents and should report them to local police and education authorities.
對(duì)違反治安管理或者涉嫌犯罪等嚴(yán)重欺凌行為，學(xué)校不得隱瞞，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)向公安機(jī)關(guān)、教育行政部門報(bào)告。

They should conduct rigorous background checks and annual reviews of faculty, volunteers and social workers to determine whether they are fit to work with minors. Education authorities should work with other departments to improve a black list of those banned from being teachers and make the list more accessible.
學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)按照規(guī)定對(duì)教職工、志愿者、社工等進(jìn)行入職審查并且每學(xué)年開展核查，以確定其是否適合從事未成年人教育工作。教育行政部門應(yīng)當(dāng)會(huì)同有關(guān)部門健全教職工從業(yè)禁止人員名單和查詢機(jī)制。

此外，意見稿還就人身安全、人格權(quán)益、受教育權(quán)等多項(xiàng)權(quán)益保護(hù)作了規(guī)定。

Schools are prohibited from organizing students to participate in emergency rescue, disaster relief, or commercial activities.
學(xué)校不得組織、安排學(xué)生從事?lián)岆U(xiǎn)救災(zāi)或者商業(yè)性活動(dòng)。

Schools should not release test scores or rankings of students, nor should they publicize results of admission to higher-level schools.
學(xué)校不得公開學(xué)生個(gè)人的考試成績(jī)、名次，不得對(duì)外宣傳學(xué)生升學(xué)情況。

Schools pertaining to compulsory education should not deprive students of their right to education by means of long-term suspension or dissuasion, and should not expel students in any way.
義務(wù)教育學(xué)校不得以長(zhǎng)期停課、勸退等方式，剝奪學(xué)生受教育權(quán)，不得開除或者變相開除學(xué)生。

【單詞講解】

這里的deprive someone of something是一個(gè)常用的固定搭配短語(yǔ)，表示“剝奪某人的...”，被剝奪的東西可以是某種權(quán)益，也可以是接觸或使用某物的機(jī)會(huì)，甚至還可以是睡眠、吃飯等基本權(quán)益，比如：The change in her status deprived her of access to classified information（她的地位變化使她喪失了接觸機(jī)密信息的條件）。這個(gè)固定搭配經(jīng)常以被動(dòng)的形式出現(xiàn)，即someone is deprived of something，比如：The children are being deprived of a good education.（孩子們失去了獲得良好教育的機(jī)會(huì)。）如果我們說someone is deprived of sleep，意思是說有外界因素使其無(wú)法睡覺，并不是他們自己不想睡。美劇中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一種疲勞審訊方式就是sleep deprivation（睡眠剝奪）。

Schools should make routine schedules for students in a scientific and reasonable way to ensure tangible opportunity and time for students to participate in recreational activities and physical exercises.
學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)科學(xué)合理安排學(xué)生在校作息時(shí)間，保證學(xué)生有休息、參加文娛活動(dòng)和體育鍛煉的機(jī)會(huì)和時(shí)間。

Schools should establish a monitoring system for the physical fitness of students. If any indications of malnourishment, myopia and obesity or unfavorable habits that may lead to decline in physical fitness are detected, schools should step in and offer help in time.
學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)建立學(xué)生體質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)制度，發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生出現(xiàn)營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良、近視、肥胖等傾向或者有導(dǎo)致體質(zhì)下降的不良行為習(xí)慣，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)進(jìn)行管理、干預(yù)。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

未成年人權(quán)益 minor's rights and interests

未成年人身心健康 physical and mental health of youngsters

校園欺凌 school bullying

留守兒童 left-behind children

防沉迷系統(tǒng) anti-addiction system

參考來源：新華網(wǎng)、中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen）