有人以為，“適量”飲酒不會(huì)有損健康，甚至可能有益健康。然而新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，無論你喝的是什么酒，無論你喝多喝少，都會(huì)對(duì)你的大腦造成危害。

There is no such thing as a "safe" level of drinking, with increased consumption of alcohol associated with poorer brain health, according to a new study.

新研究指出，“安全”的飲酒量是不存在的，喝酒喝得越多，對(duì)大腦健康的損害就越大。

In an observational study, which has not yet been peer-reviewed, researchers from the University of Oxford studied the relationship between the self-reported alcohol intake of some 25,000 people in the UK, and their brain scans.

在一項(xiàng)未經(jīng)同行評(píng)議的觀察性研究中，牛津大學(xué)的研究人員研究了英國約2.5萬人報(bào)告的飲酒量和他們的大腦掃描圖像之間的關(guān)系。

The researchers noted that drinking had an effect on the brain's gray matter -- regions in the brain that make up "important bits where information is processed," according to lead author Anya Topiwala, a senior clinical researcher at Oxford.

該研究的首席作者、牛津大學(xué)高級(jí)臨床研究員安雅·托皮瓦拉指出，喝酒會(huì)影響大腦灰質(zhì)，這是“信息加工處理的重要區(qū)域”。

"The more people drank, the less the volume of their gray matter," Topiwala said via email.

托皮瓦拉在電郵中寫道：“人們喝的酒越多，大腦灰質(zhì)就越少。”

"Brain volume reduces with age and more severely with dementia. Smaller brain volume also predicts worse performance on memory testing," she explained.

她解釋道：“腦容量會(huì)隨著年齡增長而下降，癡呆癥患者會(huì)下降得更厲害。腦容量更小預(yù)示著記憶測(cè)試的表現(xiàn)會(huì)更差?！?/p>

"Whilst alcohol only made a small contribution to this (0.8%), it was a greater contribution than other 'modifiable' risk factors," she said, explaining that modifiable risk factors are "ones you can do something about, in contrast to aging."

她說：“盡管酒精對(duì)腦容量下降的影響很小（只有0.8%），但是比其他可調(diào)節(jié)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素占比都更大?！彼忉屨f，可調(diào)節(jié)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素指的是“你可控的因素，相對(duì)于不可控的衰老而言”。

在傷腦這事上 喝哪種酒都一樣

The team also investigated whether certain drinking patterns, beverage types and other health conditions made a difference to the impact of alcohol on brain health.

研究團(tuán)隊(duì)還調(diào)查了特定的飲酒習(xí)慣、酒精飲料類型和本人健康狀況是否會(huì)改變酒精對(duì)大腦健康的影響程度。

They found that there was no "safe" level of drinking -- meaning that consuming any amount of alcohol was worse than not drinking it. They also found no evidence that the type of drink -- such as wine, spirits or beer -- affected the harm done to the brain.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，“安全的”飲酒量是不存在的，這意味著，喝多喝少都有害，不喝才是安全的。他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒有證據(jù)證明酒的類型（比如葡萄酒、白酒或啤酒）對(duì)大腦受損程度有不同的影響。

However, certain characteristics, such as high blood pressure, obesity or binge-drinking, could put people at higher risk, researchers added.

不過，研究人員補(bǔ)充道，高血壓、肥胖等身體特征和酗酒行為會(huì)提升大腦受損風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

喝酒會(huì)帶來多種健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

The risks of alcohol have long been known: Previous studies have found that there's no amount of liquor, wine or beer that is safe for your overall health.

酒精對(duì)健康的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很早以前就已為人所知。先前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，無論是白酒、葡萄酒還是啤酒，喝多少都不利于你的整體健康。

Alcohol was the leading risk factor for disease and premature death in men and women between the ages of 15 and 49 worldwide in 2016, accounting for nearly one in 10 deaths, according to a study published in The Lancet in 2018.

2018年發(fā)表在《柳葉刀》上的一項(xiàng)研究指出，酒精是導(dǎo)致全球范圍內(nèi)15歲到49歲男女患病和早逝的第一大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素，近十分之一的人因此喪命。

"It has been known for decades that heavy drinking is bad for brain health," Sadie Boniface, head of research at the UK's Institute of Alcohol Studies, said via email. "We also shouldn't forget alcohol affects all parts of the body and there are multiple health risks."

英國酒精研究所研究部主任莎蒂·博尼費(fèi)斯在電郵中寫道：“早在幾十年前，我們就知道酗酒有害大腦健康。我們也不要忘記，喝酒會(huì)影響身體的各個(gè)部位，還會(huì)產(chǎn)生多種健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”

英文來源：美國有線電視新聞網(wǎng)

翻譯&編輯：丹妮