你問(wèn)我答
英語(yǔ)音節(jié)劃分和重讀規(guī)則
內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介
一位姓劉的聽(tīng)眾來(lái)信詢問(wèn)多音節(jié)單詞劃分音節(jié)的方法。如果一個(gè)單詞有一個(gè)以上的音節(jié)，應(yīng)怎樣劃分音節(jié)？怎樣判斷這類詞的重音在哪里？聽(tīng)節(jié)目，學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)單詞音節(jié)的劃分以及單詞重讀的規(guī)則。
歡迎你加入并和我們一起討論英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的方方面面。請(qǐng)通過(guò)微博 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)” 或郵件與我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系。我們的郵箱地址是 questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
文字稿
（關(guān)于臺(tái)詞的備注: 請(qǐng)注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過(guò)程中對(duì)節(jié)目做出的改變。）
Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Beth.
Jiaying
我是佳瑩。本期節(jié)目的問(wèn)題來(lái)自一位姓劉的聽(tīng)眾。他的問(wèn)題是：
Question
你好！很喜歡你們的節(jié)目。我是一個(gè)英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者，想問(wèn)：多音節(jié)單詞怎樣劃分音節(jié)？
Beth
Thank you for this great question. We should start by thinking about why syllables are important. One of the reasons is to do with stress.
Jiaying
是的。首先我們要知道劃分音節(jié)可以幫助我們判斷哪個(gè)音節(jié)應(yīng)該重讀。在多音節(jié)單詞中，至少有一個(gè)主重音。
Beth
Now, native speakers of English do this very naturally. They automatically know where word stress is. But learners of English can find this difficult, and if a word is pronounced with the stress on the wrong syllable, it can be very difficult for people to understand it.
Jiaying
沒(méi)錯(cuò)。即便你表述的句子在語(yǔ)法上是正確的，但一個(gè)單詞的重音發(fā)音錯(cuò)誤，就可能讓別人聽(tīng)不懂你想要表達(dá)的意思。
Beth
So, before we talk about how to divide syllables, we need to think about what a syllable is in English and also what sounds they are made of. When we think of syllables, it's important to remember that there is always one vowel sound in each.
Jiaying
記住，每個(gè)音節(jié)中都包含一個(gè) “vowel（元音）”。它既可以是短元音，比如單詞 “bid” 里面的 /?/；也可以是長(zhǎng)元音，比如單詞 “bead” 里面的 /i:/；還可以是雙元音，比如單詞 “bide” 里面的雙元音 /a?/。另外，每個(gè)音節(jié)都可以分別以 “consonant（輔音）” 開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，比如 “dog”；或以輔音組合開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾，比如 “stamp”。
Beth
It's also possible for the syllable to start with a vowel, such as in 'eat' or to exist without a consonant at all, such as 'eye'.
When you need to pronounce a word with multiple syllables, you need to decide where one syllable ends and the next one begins.
Jiaying
有些音節(jié)以元音開(kāi)頭，比如單詞 “eat”?；蛘咧话簦瑳](méi)有任何輔音，比如 “eye”。
在讀多音節(jié)單詞時(shí)，需要判斷各個(gè)音節(jié)從哪里開(kāi)始，從哪里結(jié)束。在 “butter” 這類中間只有一個(gè)輔音的單詞中，第二個(gè)音節(jié)以這個(gè)輔音開(kāi)頭。
Beth
That's right. So, we have 'bu.tter', 'peo.ple', 'be.gi.nner'.
Jiaying
不過(guò)，有一些單詞的音節(jié)間會(huì)有多個(gè)輔音。
Beth
Yes, like many words that end in -ing, such as 'camping'.
Jiaying
我們就拿 “camping” 這個(gè)詞來(lái)看，/m/ 和 /p/ 并不是可行的輔音組合。因此，在劃分 “camping” 的音節(jié)時(shí)，應(yīng)該從 /m/和 /p/ 中間劃分開(kāi)來(lái)，第一個(gè)音節(jié)為 “cam /k?m/”，第二個(gè)音節(jié)為 “ping /p??/”。
Beth
That means we have 'cam.ping', 'wan.ting' and 'fol.ding'.
Jiaying
在知道如何劃分單詞的音節(jié)后，接著要學(xué)習(xí)不同重音的規(guī)則。
Beth
Generally, in words with two syllables, the stress is on the first syllable in nouns – 'tennis', 'picnic', 'table', and also adjectives – 'happy', 'little', 'special'. But, the stress is on the second syllable in verbs with two syllables – 'begin', 'include', 'expect'.
Jiaying
就如 Beth 剛剛說(shuō)的，在雙音節(jié)單詞中，如果是名詞，重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上。這一規(guī)則在形容詞中也適用。但在雙音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞中，重音通常在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上。
在一些雙音節(jié)單詞中，音節(jié)重音變化，單詞的詞性和含義也會(huì)相應(yīng)發(fā)生變化。
Beth
For example, 'present', 'present', 'object', 'object' and 'project', 'project'.
Jiaying
在這幾組詞當(dāng)中，名詞的重音都在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上。Beth, can you give us three examples using the nouns 'present', 'object' and 'project'?
Beth
Sure.
I love opening presents on my birthday.
He was holding a strange object in his hands.
This project has taken weeks to complete.
Jiaying
動(dòng)詞的重音都在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上。再來(lái)聽(tīng)三個(gè)例句。
Beth
I'm going to present my plan for the future of the company.
I object to what you are saying.
When you work in a large theatre, you have to project your voice.
Learners of English need to know where the stress is on words so that they understand when listening and are understood when speaking.
Jiaying
好了，希望在聽(tīng)了我們的講解后，大家對(duì)英語(yǔ)音節(jié)的劃分和重音的位置有了更深入的理解。謝謝這位姓劉的聽(tīng)眾發(fā)來(lái)的問(wèn)題。
歡迎大家向我們提問(wèn)。你可以通過(guò)我們的微博賬號(hào) “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)” 發(fā)送你的問(wèn)題，也可以將問(wèn)題發(fā)送至：questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Beth
Thank you for listening. Bye!
Jiaying
Bye!
