中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)記者：今年您在政府工作報(bào)告中調(diào)低了城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)目標(biāo)，調(diào)高了城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率。面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)形勢(shì)，政府將如何遏制失業(yè)潮？如何幫助大學(xué)生和農(nóng)民工找到工作？

China Daily: In this year’s Government Work Report, the target of new urban jobs has been revised downward, and the target of surveyed urban unemployment rate upward, compared with the levels last year. In the face of the severe employment situation, what will the government do to avert massive job losses and help college graduates and rural migrant workers find jobs?

李克強(qiáng)：今年我們確定城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)900萬(wàn)人以上，的確比去年低，實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)要有一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)作支撐。我們把城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率定為6%左右，今年4月份城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率已經(jīng)是6%了，我們這樣做也是實(shí)事求是。

Premier Li: We have set this year’s target of new urban jobs at over 9 million, somewhat below last year’s level. To attain this goal, we need to maintain a certain level of economic growth. The urban surveyed unemployment rate target is set at around 6 percent. In fact, in April, that figure already hit 6 percent, so such a target was set on the basis of the situation on the ground.

就業(yè)是最大的民生，對(duì)于一個(gè)家庭來(lái)說(shuō)是天大的事情。這幾天我看中國(guó)政府網(wǎng)上的留言，大概三分之一都是談就業(yè)的。其中有一位農(nóng)民工說(shuō)他50多歲了，在外打工30多年，每年如此，但今年還沒(méi)有找到工作，全家都陷入困境。還有一些個(gè)體工商戶，已經(jīng)歇業(yè)幾個(gè)月了。一些外貿(mào)企業(yè)現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有訂單，影響員工就業(yè)。對(duì)他們的困難，我們要給予救助，但是從根本上說(shuō)，還是要幫助他們就業(yè)。中國(guó)有9億勞動(dòng)力，沒(méi)有就業(yè)，就只是9億張吃飯的口；有了就業(yè)，就是9億雙可以創(chuàng)造巨大財(cái)富的手。

Employment matters the most in people’s lives. It is something of paramount importance for all families. Of all the comments posted by netizens on the Chinese government portal website, some one third are about jobs. One of them was posted by a rural migrant worker in his 50s. He said that over the past 30 plus years, he had been working in cities every year. But so far this year he has been unable to find a job and the whole family is now in difficulty. Many self-employed individuals have seen their businesses grinding to a halt for several months. And some export companies have also been in great difficulty for lack of orders. This is affecting the jobs of their employees. We must provide support to all these people. But most importantly, we must help them land jobs. There is a labor force of 900 million in China. If they are out of work, there will be 900 million mouths to feed; if they are all put to work, 900 million pairs of hands will be able to generate tremendous wealth.

為了穩(wěn)住現(xiàn)有就業(yè)崗位，可以說(shuō)政策是能用盡用，投入的錢也是最多的。我們規(guī)模性政策的資金，允許基層用于減稅降費(fèi)，而且允許用于為企業(yè)減房租、貼利息。采取這樣的措施就是要把企業(yè)穩(wěn)下來(lái)，崗位保得住，而且要公平合理。我們還要采取資助企業(yè)以訓(xùn)穩(wěn)崗的政策，今明兩年將有3500萬(wàn)人次通過(guò)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)結(jié)存資金來(lái)進(jìn)行崗位培訓(xùn)，給他們緩沖的機(jī)會(huì)。即便失業(yè)了，也要努力讓他們短時(shí)期內(nèi)有再就業(yè)的機(jī)會(huì)。

In order to retain existing jobs, all our pro-job measures will be fully employed with the largest input of funds. Such sizable policy funds can be used by primary-level governments to implement tax and fee cuts, and subsidize rents or interest payment in support of companies. So all these measures are designed to keep companies in business and secure the jobs of their employees and they will be implemented in a fair and reasonable way. We will also finance skills training initiatives by businesses to stabilize employment. This year and the next, we will tap into the balance of the unemployment insurance fund to provide some 35 million vocational skills training opportunities. This will cushion the impact of unemployment, and we will help people who lose their jobs get reemployed as soon as possible.

同時(shí)還要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造更多新的就業(yè)崗位?，F(xiàn)在新業(yè)態(tài)蓬勃發(fā)展，大概有1億人就業(yè)。我們的零工經(jīng)濟(jì)也有2億人就業(yè)。不僅要采取更多扶持政策，而且要打破那些不合理的條條框框，讓更多新就業(yè)崗位成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)。去年我們平均每天凈增企業(yè)超過(guò)1萬(wàn)戶，今年也要按這個(gè)目標(biāo)去努力。

We also need to do our best to create new jobs. Nowadays, some 100 million people are employed in new forms of business and industry, and some 200 million people are working in the gig economy. The government must continue to provide support and at the same time lift all unwarranted restrictions that prevent the development of those industries and sectors. We also need to create a favorable environment for the increase of new job opportunities. Last year, more than 10,000 new businesses were created on an average day, and we will continue to work hard to see that the figure stays at this level this year.

人民群眾有無(wú)窮創(chuàng)造力。回想改革開放之初，大批知青返城，就一個(gè)“大碗茶”解決了多少人的就業(yè)！兩周前，我看到報(bào)道，西部有個(gè)城市，按照當(dāng)?shù)氐囊?guī)范，設(shè)置了3.6萬(wàn)個(gè)流動(dòng)商販的攤位，結(jié)果一夜之間有10萬(wàn)人就業(yè)。中國(guó)人民是勤勞的，中國(guó)的市場(chǎng)也在不斷開拓和升級(jí)。當(dāng)然，對(duì)重點(diǎn)人群就業(yè)，我們有重點(diǎn)扶持政策。今年大學(xué)畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)新高，達(dá)到874萬(wàn)人，要讓他們成為“不斷線的風(fēng)箏”，今明兩年都要持續(xù)提供就業(yè)服務(wù)。對(duì)農(nóng)民工，不論是在常住地還是返鄉(xiāng)，都要給他們提供就業(yè)服務(wù)平臺(tái)。對(duì)退役軍人，要切實(shí)把安置政策落實(shí)好。

We can certainly rely on the innovation and initiative of the Chinese people in this respect. One may recall when young people returned to the cities from the countryside in large numbers in the early days of reform and opening-up, the opening of roadside tea stands helped to put many of them to work. About two weeks ago, I saw in the news that a city in China’s western region, in keeping with local rules and regulations, set up 36,000 mobile stalls, adding some 100,000 new jobs overnight.

Our people are hardworking, and the Chinese market keeps expanding and upgrading. In this process, the government must focus on providing support to key groups in their employment. The number of new college graduates will reach a record high of 8.74 million this year. We must provide employment services to these people, both this year and next, so that they will not be left to their own devices. And for rural migrant workers, no matter whether they are still working in a city or have returned to their hometown, we will put in place employment service platforms to support them in landing jobs. We must also fully implement all the support measures for demobilized military personnel as well.

鳳凰衛(wèi)視記者：這次全國(guó)人大會(huì)議作出了關(guān)于建立健全香港特別行政區(qū)維護(hù)國(guó)家安全的法律制度和執(zhí)行機(jī)制的決定，全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)將就此制定專門的法律。這是否表明中央調(diào)整了對(duì)香港的政策，是否放棄了“一國(guó)兩制”？對(duì)于當(dāng)下各方的反應(yīng)您如何看待？

Phoenix TV: At this year’s NPC Session, a decision was adopted on establishing and improving the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for safeguarding national security in the Hong Kong SAR. The Standing Committee of the NPC will also set in motion a legislative process in this respect. Does this mean that the Central Government has adjusted its policy toward Hong Kong and abandoned “one country, two systems”? How do you respond to the various comments in this respect?

李克強(qiáng)：“一國(guó)兩制”是國(guó)家的基本國(guó)策，中央政府始終強(qiáng)調(diào)要全面準(zhǔn)確貫徹“一國(guó)兩制”、“港人治港”、高度自治方針，嚴(yán)格按照憲法和基本法辦事，支持特區(qū)政府和行政長(zhǎng)官依法施政，這是一貫的。你提到全國(guó)人大剛通過(guò)的有關(guān)維護(hù)國(guó)家安全的決定，是為了確保“一國(guó)兩制”行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)，維護(hù)香港長(zhǎng)期繁榮穩(wěn)定。

Premier Li: “One country, two systems” is China’s basic state policy. The Central Government has all along fully and faithfully implemented the “one country, two systems” under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy, acted in strict accordance with the Constitution and the Basic Law, and supported the Hong Kong SAR government and the Chief Executive in exercising administration according to law. The decision adopted at the NPC Session to safeguard national security is designed for the steady implementation of “one country, two systems” and for Hong Kong’s long-term prosperity and stability.

美國(guó)全國(guó)廣播公司記者：美國(guó)繼續(xù)將新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行歸咎中國(guó)，出現(xiàn)了更多關(guān)于中美之間“新冷戰(zhàn)”的說(shuō)法。與此同時(shí)，美中雙方官員還在討論如何為落實(shí)兩國(guó)之間第一階段經(jīng)貿(mào)協(xié)議創(chuàng)造有利條件，推動(dòng)中美關(guān)系穩(wěn)定發(fā)展?？紤]到中國(guó)自身經(jīng)濟(jì)遇到的困難，您是否認(rèn)為中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革和讓步足以解決美方關(guān)切呢？如果合作努力失敗，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)能否抵御“新冷戰(zhàn)”和“脫鉤”的威脅？

NBC News: The United States continues to blame China for the global pandemic. There’s more and more talk of a cold war between the US and China. At the same time, Chinese and American officials talk of creating favorable conditions for the phase one trade deal that could help stabilize the relationship. Are you still confident that more economic reforms and concessions of China can adequately address America’s concerns, given that China’s economy has been weakened? Or if the efforts for cooperation fail, can China’s economy withstand the threat of a “cold war” and “decoupling”?

李克強(qiáng)：當(dāng)前中美關(guān)系的確出現(xiàn)一些新問(wèn)題、新挑戰(zhàn)。中美關(guān)系很重要，兩國(guó)都是聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)常任理事國(guó)，在應(yīng)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)和非傳統(tǒng)挑戰(zhàn)方面都有很多可以、而且應(yīng)當(dāng)合作的地方，在經(jīng)貿(mào)、科技、人文方面也有廣泛的交流，兩國(guó)之間存在著廣泛的共同利益。中美兩國(guó)合則兩利、斗則俱傷，不僅關(guān)系兩國(guó)人民的利益，而且關(guān)系到世界，所以一些問(wèn)題發(fā)生后引起世界的擔(dān)憂。至于你說(shuō)到“新冷戰(zhàn)”，我們從來(lái)都主張摒棄“冷戰(zhàn)”思維。所謂“脫鉤”，可以說(shuō)兩個(gè)主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體“脫鉤”，對(duì)誰(shuí)都沒(méi)有好處，也會(huì)傷害世界。我們應(yīng)該按照兩國(guó)元首達(dá)成的重要共識(shí)，推動(dòng)建立以協(xié)調(diào)、合作、穩(wěn)定為基調(diào)的中美關(guān)系。

Premier Li: It is true that at the moment, China-US relations have encountered some new problems and challenges. This is a very important bilateral relationship. Both countries are permanent members of the UN Security Council. There are many areas where the two countries can and should work with each other in tackling both traditional and non-traditional challenges. There are also extensive exchanges between the two countries in the economic, trade, scientific, technological, cultural and other fields. So it is fair to say that there is extensive common interest between China and the United States. Both countries stand to gain from cooperation and lose from confrontation. Getting Sino-US relationship right is in the interest of people of both countries and the whole world. Given the importance of this relationship, the problems that occurred in this relationship have been a cause for concern for the international community. As for a cold war, you know that we have all along rejected the “cold war” mentality. And “decoupling” between major economies will do neither side any good. It is also harmful to the world. I believe we should continue to work together to follow through on the important consensus reached between our two presidents and work jointly to foster a Sino-US relationship based on coordination, cooperation and stability.

中美兩國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)你中有我、我中有你，一路走來(lái)很不容易，雙方都從中獲益。這使我想起，就在幾天前，一家美國(guó)高科技公司宣布在中國(guó)武漢的投資項(xiàng)目開工。我不是做商業(yè)廣告，但是我對(duì)他們的行為是贊賞的，所以發(fā)了賀信。這個(gè)例子表明，中美商貿(mào)界是互有需要的，是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)合作共贏的。

The economies of our two countries have become closely interconnected. Our economic and trade ties have come a long way, and both sides have benefited tremendously. Just a few days ago, an American high-tech firm announced the launch of an investment project in Wuhan. I shouldn’t do any commercial promotion for any company, but I highly appreciate this move and sent my message of congratulations to mark the occasion. I believe this example shows that the business communities of our two countries need each other, and our business cooperation can be of mutual benefit.

中美之間的商貿(mào)合作應(yīng)該遵循商業(yè)規(guī)則，由市場(chǎng)來(lái)選擇，由企業(yè)家判斷、拍板，政府起搭平臺(tái)的作用。中美兩國(guó)，一個(gè)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，一個(gè)是世界上最大的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，有不同的社會(huì)制度、文化傳統(tǒng)、歷史背景，存在矛盾、分歧不可避免，問(wèn)題在于怎樣對(duì)待。中美關(guān)系幾十年來(lái)風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨，一方面合作前行，一方面磕磕絆絆，的確很復(fù)雜，這需要用智慧去擴(kuò)大共同利益，管控分歧和矛盾?？傊嗷プ鹬?，平等互利，尊重對(duì)方的核心利益和重大關(guān)切，尋求合作共贏。這于己、于人、于世界都有利。

I believe the economic cooperation and trade between our two countries should follow commercial principles. We should leave the decisions to the market and to the business leaders. The job of the government is to establish platforms for the business communities of the two countries. China and the United States are the world’s largest developing and developed countries respectively. Given the differences in our social systems, cultural heritage and historical backgrounds, some disagreements and even frictions may be unavoidable. What’s important is how we manage them. The relationship has been moving forward amid twists and turns in the past several decades, featuring both growing cooperation and some bumps along the way. Indeed, this is a complex relationship. We must use our wisdom to expand common interests and manage differences and disagreements. In a word, I believe that the two countries should develop a relationship on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, respect each other’s core interests and major concerns, and embrace cooperation. That will be conducive to the interests of both countries and the world.

新華社記者：講到今年的經(jīng)濟(jì)工作，我們聽到頻率最高的詞就是“穩(wěn)”和“保”。請(qǐng)問(wèn)總理，這和市場(chǎng)化改革之間是什么關(guān)系？政府在這方面的重點(diǎn)是什么？

Xinhua News Agency: When we talk about the economic work agenda for the Chinese government this year, the words we have heard most frequently are stability and protections. What are their relations with market-oriented reforms? What will be the priorities of reform this year?

李克強(qiáng)：中國(guó)改革開放40多年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，越是困難越要堅(jiān)持改革。我們宏觀政策提出的“穩(wěn)”和“保”，是通過(guò)市場(chǎng)主體去支撐的，而且是奔著市場(chǎng)主體的困難和關(guān)切去做的，這本身就是市場(chǎng)化改革的做法。

Premier Li: Our experience in the past 40-plus years of reform and opening-up shows that the greater difficulty we face, the more important it is for us to keep to reform. In our macro policies, we outlined sets of priority areas where stability is key and where protections are needed. Our measures are designed to help those vast numbers of market entities and are built around addressing their difficulties and concerns. This in itself is consistent with our market-oriented reform.

我們首先是要讓市場(chǎng)主體活下來(lái)。政策的真金白銀主要是為市場(chǎng)主體紓困，激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力。真金白銀要確保落到企業(yè)和個(gè)體工商戶身上。這次政府工作報(bào)告說(shuō)，要留得青山，贏得未來(lái)。我們現(xiàn)在有1.2億市場(chǎng)主體，他們就是青山，留住他們，就會(huì)贏得未來(lái)。

First and foremost, we must help all our businesses survive. Our solid measures must serve to provide vital relief to businesses and revitalize the market. Hence, all these measures must deliver real gains to companies and support self-employed individuals. As I said in the Government Work Report, we must do our utmost to help the 120 million market entities in China sustain themselves, and that will help us assure success for the future.

不僅要讓市場(chǎng)主體活下去，更重要的是通過(guò)“放管服”改革把他們激活起來(lái)。要打造市場(chǎng)化、法治化、國(guó)際化的營(yíng)商環(huán)境，打掉那些不合理的條條框框，讓他們公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。這種措施看似無(wú)形，但能創(chuàng)造出有形的財(cái)富，干好了，不亞于真金白銀的投入。

At the same time, we must work hard to help our businesses thrive by pressing ahead with reform of government functions. We will continue to foster a market-oriented and world-class business environment governed by a sound legal framework. The government must lift all unnecessary restrictions on market entities to facilitate fair competition. Such policies and measures, intangible as they are, will create tangible wealth in our businesses just like real investments.

再有，就是要讓新的市場(chǎng)主體更多地長(zhǎng)出來(lái)。大家都知道，這次應(yīng)對(duì)疫情中，像網(wǎng)購(gòu)、快遞、云辦公等等一些新業(yè)態(tài)是逆勢(shì)增長(zhǎng)，有的營(yíng)業(yè)收入增長(zhǎng)了三分之二，而且現(xiàn)在新業(yè)態(tài)還層出不窮。這和我們這些年來(lái)深化供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，培育壯大新動(dòng)能，開展大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新都有關(guān)。我們應(yīng)該把這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)推廣開，促使新動(dòng)能、新的市場(chǎng)主體更多地成長(zhǎng)。今年我們要努力做到平均每日新注冊(cè)企業(yè)2萬(wàn)戶左右，這是觀察中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)活力的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)。

Furthermore, we must work hard to help more new market entities emerge. We have seen a trend-bucking surge of growth in new forms of business and industry during the COVID-19 response, including online shopping, express delivery services, and teleworking. Some new forms of business have even seen their revenues increase by two thirds. I believe such developments are very much attributable to our initiatives and reforms in recent years, including the supply-side structural reform, our efforts to promote high-quality development and foster new drivers of growth, and our initiative of encouraging business start-ups and innovation. We must use the experience gained in this process to the fullest extent to foster more growth drivers and help more market entities grow. This year, our goal is to see that the number of newly registered businesses stay at about 20,000 on an average day. And that figure has become an important indicator gauging the economic vitality of China.

我們重視中小微企業(yè)，并不是不重視大企業(yè)，還是希望大中小企業(yè)共生共榮，而且期待一些中小微企業(yè)將來(lái)會(huì)成長(zhǎng)為大企業(yè)，形成一個(gè)相互融通發(fā)展的局面。今年我們不僅要看紓困政策用得怎么樣，還要看營(yíng)商環(huán)境的改善是否明顯，這樣可以產(chǎn)生乘數(shù)效應(yīng)。

We pay close attention to these smaller firms, but we also highly value the role of big companies. We hope that companies of all sizes will be able to thrive together through close cooperation and collaboration. We also expect that more smaller firms will one day grow into large companies. This year, we must ensure full delivery of all these relief and support measures, and at the same time work for notable improvement in China’s business environment. These measures, when combined, will produce multiplying effects.