全球變暖和空氣污染并沒有因為新冠疫情而停下腳步，世界上每1.3秒鐘就有一個人迫于氣候危機而移民，但是目前許多氣候移民者在法律上仍處于灰色地帶。專家預(yù)測，未來十年預(yù)計將有數(shù)以千萬計的人因為全球變暖而移民。

Air pollution does not respect national boundaries and environmental degradation will lead to mass migration in the future, said a leading barrister in the wake of a landmark migration ruling, as experts warned that government action must be taken as a matter of urgency.

在一次里程碑式的移民裁決后，一位頂級律師表示，空氣污染不受國界限制，環(huán)境惡化將在未來導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模移民。專家警告稱，事態(tài)緊急，政府必須采取行動。

Sailesh Mehta, a barrister specialising in environmental cases, said: “The link between migration and environmental degradation is clear. As global warming makes parts of our planet uninhabitable, mass migration will become the norm. Air and water pollution do not respect national boundaries. We can stop a humanitarian and political crisis from becoming an existential one. But our leaders must act now.”

專門處理環(huán)境案件的律師塞利斯·梅塔說：“移民和環(huán)境惡化之間的關(guān)聯(lián)很明顯。隨著全球變暖導(dǎo)致地球上的一些地區(qū)變得不適宜居住，大規(guī)模移民將成為常態(tài)?？諝夂退廴静皇車缦拗啤Ｎ覀兛梢宰柚谷宋暮驼挝C威脅個人生存。但我們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人現(xiàn)在必須行動起來?！?/p>

He added: “We have a right to breathe clean air. Governments and courts are beginning to recognise this fundamental human right. The problem is not just that of Bangladesh and the developing world. Air pollution contributes to around 200,000 deaths a year in the UK. One in four deaths worldwide can be linked to pollution.”

他補充道：“我們有呼吸干凈空氣的權(quán)利。政府和法院正開始意識到這一基本人權(quán)。問題不只存在于孟加拉和發(fā)展中國家。空氣污染每年導(dǎo)致英國約20萬人死亡。全球四分之一的死亡與污染有關(guān)。”

The comments follow a decision by a French court this week, which is believed to be the first time environment was cited by a court in an extradition hearing. The case involved a Bangladeshi man with asthma who avoided deportation from France after his lawyer argued that he risked a severe deterioration in his condition, and possibly premature death, due to the dangerous levels of pollution in his homeland.

梅塔發(fā)表這一評論前，法國的一家法院本周作出了一項裁決，據(jù)認(rèn)為這是法院首次在引渡聽證會上援引環(huán)境作為理由。在這一案件中，一名患有哮喘病的孟加拉男子因為本國污染極為嚴(yán)重而免于被法國驅(qū)逐出境。他的律師辯護稱，以他的身體條件在引渡回國后可能會病情加重甚至過早死亡。

The appeals court in Bordeaux overturned an expulsion order against the 40-year-old man because he would face “a worsening of his respiratory pathology due to air pollution” in his country of origin.

波爾多的上訴法院推翻了對這名40歲男子的驅(qū)逐令，因為他在孟加拉國將面臨“空氣污染導(dǎo)致的哮喘病惡化”。

Yale and Columbia universities’ environmental performance index ranks Bangladesh 179th in the world for air quality in 2020, while the concentration of fine particles in the air is six times the World Health Organization’s recommended maximum.

耶魯大學(xué)和哥倫比亞大學(xué)發(fā)布的環(huán)境績效指數(shù)中，孟加拉的空氣質(zhì)量在全球排名第179位。孟加拉空氣中的細(xì)顆粒物濃度是世界衛(wèi)生組織最大建議值的6倍。

Dr David R Boyd, UN special rapporteur on human rights and environment, agreed with Mehta’s analysis, telling the Guardian: “Air pollution causes 7 million premature deaths annually, so it is understandable if people feel compelled to migrate in search of clean air to safeguard their health. Air pollution is a global public health disaster that does not get the attention it deserves because most of the people who die are poor or otherwise vulnerable.”

聯(lián)合國人權(quán)和環(huán)境特別調(diào)查員戴維·R·博伊德博士同意梅塔的分析，他告訴《衛(wèi)報》說：“空氣污染每年導(dǎo)致700萬人過早死亡，所以如果人們?yōu)榱耸匦l(wèi)自身健康而被迫移民到空氣干凈的地方是可以理解的?？諝馕廴具@一全球性的公共衛(wèi)生災(zāi)難沒有得到應(yīng)有的重視，因為多數(shù)死于空氣污染的人都是窮人或體弱者?！?/p>

rapporteur [?r?p??r?t??r]: n. （受組織指定的）會務(wù)報告人，調(diào)查員

Alex Randall, coordinator at the Climate & Migration Coalition, said safe and legal routes to allow people to migrate needed to be established.

氣候與移民聯(lián)盟的協(xié)調(diào)員亞歷克斯·蘭德爾表示，需要建立允許人們移民的安全合法的途徑。

"Cases such as this, where air quality or other pollution become a reason for preventing deportation, are certainly important steps forward.

“空氣質(zhì)量或其他污染成為避免被驅(qū)逐出境的理由，像這樣的案例當(dāng)然是前進路上的重要步伐。”

"However, these cases do not usually set legal precedents and people moving across borders due to climate change impacts remain in a legal grey area.”

“但是，這些案例通常不會被作為合法先例，所以人們受氣候變化影響而移民依然處于法律的灰色地帶?！?/p>

According to the Environmental Justice Foundation, one person every 1.3 seconds is forced to leave their homes and communities due to the climate crisis but millions lack legal protection. It has called on all countries to rapidly and fully implement the Paris climate agreement.

環(huán)境正義基金會稱，每1.3秒鐘就有一個人迫于氣候危機而離開家鄉(xiāng)，其中數(shù)百萬人缺少法律保護。該基金會呼吁所有國家迅速全面地執(zhí)行《巴黎氣候協(xié)定》。

A ruling by the United Nations human rights committee a year ago found it is unlawful for governments to return people to countries where their lives might be threatened by the climate crisis.

聯(lián)合國人權(quán)委員會一年前作出裁決，指出政府將人們遣返回氣候危機可能危及生命的來源國是不合法的。

Tens of millions of people are expected to be displaced by global heating in the next decade.

未來十年預(yù)計有數(shù)以千萬計的人會因為全球變暖而移民。

英文來源：《衛(wèi)報》

翻譯&編輯：丹妮