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?李堯

本期點(diǎn)評(píng)專家：李堯

譯題一：Walden Pond

When Thoreau wrote that line, he was thinking of the Walden Pond he knew as a boy.

Woodchoppers and the Iron Horse had not yet greatly damaged the beauty of its setting. A boy could go to the pond and lie on his back against the seat of a boat, lazily drifting from shore to shore while the loons dived and the swallows dipped around him. Thoreau loved to recall such sunny hours and summer days" when idleness was the most attractive and productive business."

I too was a boy in love with a pond, rich in sunny hours and summer days. Sun and summer are still what they always were, but the boy and the pond changed. The boy, who is now a man, no longer finds much time for idle drifting. The pond has been annexed by a great city. The swamps where herons once hunted are now drained and filled with houses .The bay where water lilies quietly floated is now a harbor for motor boats.

In short, everything that the boy loved no longer exists-- except in the man's memory of it.

第一段文字比較容易，大多數(shù)朋友翻譯得都還不錯(cuò)。但有的網(wǎng)友把"...I was rich, if not in money, in sunny hours and summer days." 翻譯成：“我很富有，但除了金錢，還有時(shí)間，陽(yáng)光。”就不對(duì)了。因?yàn)檫@里沒(méi)有“除了……還有……”的意思。正確的翻譯應(yīng)該是：“我很富有，如果說(shuō)我沒(méi)有金錢，卻有陽(yáng)光明媚的時(shí)光和夏天美好的日子?！币部梢宰g為“即使沒(méi)有……也有……”。Lazily drifting from shore to shore基本上有兩種不同的譯法。一種是：“男孩懶洋洋地背靠在船上，任由自己由這岸漂向那岸?！绷硗庖环N是“…… 在小船中仰臥著，讓小船從一邊自由地漂浮到另一邊?！钡谝晃蛔g者的著眼點(diǎn)是男孩“漂向那岸”；第二位譯者的著眼點(diǎn)是“小船從一邊自由地漂浮到另一邊”。我以為第一位譯者理解得對(duì)。另外“漂浮”二字也不甚妥當(dāng)?！捌　敝饕浮捌≡谒妗?，沒(méi)有方向感和運(yùn)動(dòng)感。Swallows dipped around him.有的朋友翻譯成“燕子飛馳過(guò)水面”，從中文的角度不妥。我們說(shuō)“駿馬飛馳在草原上”，“汽車飛馳在公路上”，不可以說(shuō)某種鳥兒“飛馳在水面上”。我們用“飛”形容“馳”。而“馳”是“奔跑”之意，鳥只能飛，不能跑。其實(shí)我們把這句話翻譯成“燕子環(huán)繞著他掠過(guò)水面”就可以了。Except in the man's memory of it.有的朋友把這里的man翻譯成“男人”是不對(duì)的，盡管前面與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的是boy。我覺(jué)得翻譯成“人”就可以了。傳統(tǒng)上，man 以及它的衍生字一般是用來(lái)指任何人或整個(gè)人類， 不考慮性別。在古英語(yǔ)中，這就是man 這個(gè)字主要的意思， 即“人” 而不分性別。

譯題二：Can you trust Washington?

Nearly 80 percent of Americans say they can't and they have little faith that the massive federal bureaucracy can solve the nation's ills, according to a survey from the Pew Research Center that shows public confidence in the federal government at one of the lowest points in a half-century. The poll released Sunday illustrates the ominous situation facing President Barack Obama and the Democratic Party as they struggle to maintain their comfortable congressional majorities in this fall's elections. Midterm prospects are typically tough for the party in power. Add a toxic environment like this and lots of incumbent Democrats could be out of work.

第二段，翻譯得也不錯(cuò)。但有幾個(gè)地方不夠準(zhǔn)確?！癿assive federal bureaucracy can solve the nation's ills”這句話,有的朋友翻譯成“對(duì)臃腫的美國(guó)政府機(jī)關(guān)能否夠解決國(guó)內(nèi)問(wèn)題持不信任態(tài)度”，有的人翻譯成“認(rèn)為龐大的官僚機(jī)構(gòu)無(wú)法解決國(guó)內(nèi)種種弊端”?；径紓鬟_(dá)出來(lái)原文的意思，但我覺(jué)得翻譯成“龐大的官僚機(jī)構(gòu)”更好一點(diǎn)，此處的ill作名詞用，意為“問(wèn)題、弊端”。如果我翻譯，也許翻譯成“痼疾”。President Barack Obama and the Democratic Party as they struggle to maintain their comfortable congressional majorities in this fall's elections.中的“comfortable”也不大好翻，所以大部分朋友都回避了這個(gè)詞不翻譯，或者翻譯得不貼切。而把它翻譯成“……美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬和民主黨正努力為在秋季大選中獲得大量的選票”，則有些過(guò)度意譯。筆者認(rèn)為翻譯成“努力 保住民主黨在國(guó)會(huì)中令人無(wú)憂的多數(shù)席位”較妥當(dāng)。至于最后幾個(gè)字“be out of work”，大家也翻譯得五花八門。有的譯成“下崗”，有的譯成“失業(yè)”，都不合適。我覺(jué)得翻譯成“下臺(tái)”為好。因?yàn)檫@是針對(duì)政界人士一般的說(shuō)法，而“下崗”太中國(guó)化，“失業(yè)”用在落選議員的身上也不合適。

譯題三：How to Beat the Job-Search Blues

Jacob Roberts wasn't that surprised when he got the ax. The 28-year-old New Yorker worked in finance, after all. Shortly after things began to head south on Wall Street, he started saving money and revamping his résumé. Roberts was snared in the fourth round of layoffs at Information Management Network, a corporate finance conference company where he was an assistant producer. Still, he wasn't worried. "The way I looked at it at the time was, 'I'm 28, I have a college degree, and I live in New York City. There must be plenty of jobs,'" he says.

第三段，大家把題目How to Beat the Job-Search Blues翻譯成“如何克服失業(yè)期的抑郁”或者“如何戰(zhàn)勝找工作時(shí)的沮喪情緒”都沒(méi)錯(cuò)，但是有的朋友翻譯成“如何戰(zhàn)勝找工作中的憂郁癥”就不對(duì)了。因?yàn)閎lues在這里不是“憂郁癥”，而是“抑郁和沮喪的情緒”。Got the ax翻譯成被解雇也沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。Ax 有“被削減”的意思。把“Roberts was snared in the fourth round of layoffs……”翻譯成“羅伯茨在第四輪裁員中被辭退……”基本上沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。Snare的原意是“安圈套， 捕捉， 陷害”。這里的意思也就是第四輪裁員時(shí)“被捕捉到了”。因此別的譯法都不太合適。另外，Information Management Network, a corporate finance conference company .顯然是羅伯茨工作的單位， he was an assistant producer.是他在那個(gè)單位的職位。也就是說(shuō)他是在這個(gè)職位上被單位解雇的。好幾位朋友都把這個(gè)顯而易見的關(guān)系搞亂了。把"The way I looked at it at the time was, 'I'm 28, I have a college degree, and I live in New York City. There must be plenty of jobs,'" he says.翻譯成：“ 他說(shuō)：‘我是這么想的。我才28歲，擁有大學(xué)學(xué)歷，住在紐約。這里的工作機(jī)會(huì)非常多?！本秃芎昧?。別的譯法都不準(zhǔn)確?？傊?，這段文字比較通俗，也比較活潑，用了不少口語(yǔ)化的東西，翻譯時(shí)要多從習(xí)慣性用法考慮。

以上看法供大家參考。

語(yǔ)言的約定俗成與翻譯
英譯中過(guò)程中的詞義判斷
翻譯要重“神似”
上期點(diǎn)評(píng)：廣州亞運(yùn)會(huì)口號(hào)“動(dòng)感亞洲,感動(dòng)世界”的翻譯
上期點(diǎn)評(píng)：“審時(shí)度勢(shì)”、“萬(wàn)眾一心”的譯法
上期點(diǎn)評(píng)：“火車票實(shí)名制”如何譯最佳？

點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入譯點(diǎn)通

專家簡(jiǎn)介：

李堯，中國(guó)作家協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員，商務(wù)部國(guó)際商務(wù)官員研修培訓(xùn)學(xué)院教授。已經(jīng)翻譯出版英、美、澳大利亞文學(xué)、文化、歷史專著四十六部。多部作品獲獎(jiǎng)。2008年，澳大利亞政府因其在中澳文化交流，特別是在文學(xué)翻譯領(lǐng)域的突出成績(jī)，授予李堯先生“杰出貢獻(xiàn)獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆薄?/p>

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 編輯：蔡姍姍）