十三屆全國人大三次會議5月28日下午在人民大會堂舉行記者會，國務院總理李克強應大會發(fā)言人張業(yè)遂的邀請出席記者會，并回答中外記者提問。

The Third Session of the 13th National People’s Congress held a press conference at the Great Hall of the People on the afternoon of May 28, 2020. Premier Li Keqiang met with Chinese and foreign reporters and answered their questions at the invitation of Spokesperson Mr. Zhang Yesui.

記者會開始時，李克強說，首先感謝媒體朋友們在特殊時期克服了特殊困難，對中國兩會進行報道。因為疫情原因，我們用視頻連線形式開記者會，我想這個距離不會影響我們之間的溝通。時間有限，請大家提問。

In his opening remarks, Premier Li Keqiang thanked the journalists for covering China’s NPC and CPPCC Sessions at an unusual time and despite unusual circumstances. He noted that although the containment protocols require that the press conference be held via a video link, such distance would not impede their communication. In the interest of time, he went straight to questions.

路透社記者：新冠肺炎疫情對世界各國的經(jīng)濟都造成了嚴重的影響，不少國家的政府出臺了數(shù)萬億美元的財政和貨幣措施，來應對新冠肺炎疫情對經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生的沖擊。今年中國政府工作報告中沒有設定GDP增速。根據(jù)路透社的測算，政府工作報告中出臺的財政措施約占中國2019年國內生產(chǎn)總值的4%，這個規(guī)模比一些經(jīng)濟學家的預期要低，今年一季度中國經(jīng)濟首次出現(xiàn)了幾十年以來的收縮。未來幾個月，中方是否會出臺更大規(guī)模的刺激措施？從更長遠看，中方是否有足夠的政策工具來應對全球疫情持續(xù)蔓延和不斷緊張的中美關系？

Reuters: The new coronavirus outbreak has devastated economies around the world. Trillions of dollars in fiscal and monetary measures have been pushed out to deal with the fallout. In this year’s Government Work Report, China did not set a GDP growth target. But it did announce fiscal measures worth about 4% of China’s GDP in 2019 according to our calculations. That’s slightly less than some economists expected after seeing China’s economy contract for the first time in decades in the first quarter. So my question is: can we expect China to deliver more ambitious stimulus in the months to come? Does China have sufficient policy options to deal with a prolonged global pandemic and rising tensions with the United States?

李克強：這次新冠肺炎疫情給世界經(jīng)濟造成了嚴重沖擊，可以說是史上罕見。最近不少主要國際組織都預測，今年全球經(jīng)濟增長是負3%，甚至更多。中國經(jīng)濟已經(jīng)深度融入世界經(jīng)濟，不可能置身事外。所以今年我們沒有確定GDP增長的量化指標，這也是實事求是的。但是我們確定了保居民就業(yè)、?；久裆?、保市場主體等“六?！钡哪繕巳蝿?，這和經(jīng)濟增長有直接關系。經(jīng)濟增長不是不重要，我們這樣做實際上也是讓人民群眾對經(jīng)濟增長有更直接的感受，使經(jīng)濟增長有更高的質量。發(fā)展是解決中國一切問題的關鍵和基礎。如果統(tǒng)算一下，實現(xiàn)了“六保”，特別是前“三?！?，我們就會實現(xiàn)今年中國經(jīng)濟正增長，而且要力爭有一定的幅度，推動中國經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定前行。

Premier Li: The novel coronavirus disease has taken a heavy toll on the global economy in a way rarely seen before. Major international institutions have projected a negative 3 percent global growth or worse this year. As China’s economy has become deeply integrated into the global economy, it is simply impossible for the Chinese economy to stay immune to such impacts. This year we decided not to set a specific growth target. This is a decision informed by the realities on the ground. In the meantime, we have formulated a series of goals and tasks in six key areas which are closely connected with economic development, with a particular focus on protecting employment, people’s basic living needs, and market entities.

Not setting a specific GDP growth target does not mean that economic development is not important. Our decision is designed for economic growth to deliver more real gains to our people and promote higher quality development in China. We believe that development still holds the key and is the foundation for resolving all the problems in China today. Putting protections in place in six key areas, especially in the areas of jobs, livelihoods and businesses, will help us achieve positive and solid growth this year to the extent possible, and maintain steady economic development.

你剛才說到有反映我們出臺的政策規(guī)模低于預期，但是我也聽到很多方面反映，認為我們出臺的規(guī)模性政策還是有力度的。應對這場沖擊，我們既要把握力度，還要把握時機。在新冠肺炎疫情蔓延的時候，我們也出臺了一些政策，但是當時復工復產(chǎn)還在推進中，復業(yè)復市受阻，一些政策不可能完全落地，很多人都待在家里。在這個過程中，我們也積累了經(jīng)驗。正是根據(jù)前期的經(jīng)驗和對當前形勢的判斷，我們在政府工作報告中推出的規(guī)模性政策舉措，應該說是有力度的。

In your questions, you said our measures are seen by some as below expectations. What I heard from many quarters is that our measures are forceful. For any response to work, we must get both the timing and intensity right. When COVID-19 was still raging, some policies were introduced. But with the economy barely reopened, the situation then made it difficult for these polices to get truly delivered on the ground, as most of the people still had to stay indoors. This has been a process of gaining experience. Based on the experience in the past weeks and months and our assessment of the current situation, we have decided on new policy steps of a sizable scale as set out in the Government Work Report, and we believe these measures are forceful.

過去我們說不搞“大水漫灌”，現(xiàn)在還是這樣，但是特殊時期要有特殊政策，我們叫作“放水養(yǎng)魚”。沒有足夠的水，魚是活不了的。但是如果泛濫了，就會形成泡沫，就會有人從中套利，魚也養(yǎng)不成，還會有人渾水摸魚。所以我們采取的措施要有針對性，也就是說要摸準脈、下準藥。錢從哪里來、用到哪里去，都要走新路。

We have repeatedly said that we will not flood China’s economy with liquidity. We didn’t do it in the past; we will not do it now. But the current unusual time requires extraordinary measures. Just as water is important to fish farming, sufficient liquidity is important to economic development. But too much water will induce froth in the fishpond, whereby some people may attempt to muddy the waters and fish for arbitrage. We must ensure that measures taken are well-focused, the prescription is precise and the medicines for getting out of the hardship effective. New approaches must be employed as to where the money comes from and how it is spent.

這次規(guī)模性政策籌措的資金分兩大塊：一塊是新增財政赤字和發(fā)行抗疫特別國債，共兩萬億元。還有另外更大的一塊，就是減免社保費，有的國家叫工薪稅，并動用失業(yè)保險結存，推動國有商業(yè)銀行讓利、自然壟斷性企業(yè)降價以降低企業(yè)的經(jīng)營成本。這一塊加起來大概是前一塊的兩倍。我們是要將這些資金用于保就業(yè)、保民生和保市場主體，支撐居民的收入。這些資金和我們現(xiàn)在全部居民收入40多萬億元的總盤子相比，比例達兩位數(shù)。

The financing raised through policies of a sizable scale can be grouped into mainly two categories. The first covers the increase of fiscal deficits and issuance of government bonds for COVID-19 control. Together it amounts to 2 trillion RMB yuan. The other category, which is roughly twice as big, covers payment relief for enterprises of their contributions to social security schemes, also known as payroll tax in some other countries, and taps into the balance of the unemployment insurance fund, interest concessions made by state-owned commercial banks, and price reductions in natural monopoly industries to lower enterprises’ operating costs. This money will be primarily used to support jobs, people’s basic living needs and businesses, and sustain household income. It accounts for a double-digit share in the more than 40 trillion RMB yuan of total household income in China.

更重要的是錢往哪里去？我們這次為企業(yè)紓困和激發(fā)市場活力的規(guī)模性政策，主要是用來穩(wěn)就業(yè)、保民生，使居民有消費能力，這有利于促消費、拉動市場，可以說是一條市場化改革的路子。

What’s more important is how the money is spent. Our measures of a sizable scale are designed to provide vital relief to businesses and revitalize the market. With a particular focus on supporting jobs and people’s livelihoods, our people will have money to spend and consumption will drive market vitality. This is in keeping with market-oriented reform.

錢是可以生錢的，用之于民的錢可以創(chuàng)造新的財富，涵養(yǎng)稅源，使財政可持續(xù)。我們一定要穩(wěn)住當前的經(jīng)濟，穩(wěn)定前行，但也要避免起重腳，揚起塵土迷了后人的路。如果經(jīng)濟方面或其他方面再出現(xiàn)大的變化，我們還留有政策空間，不管是財政、金融、社保都有政策儲備，可以及時出臺新的政策，而且不會猶豫。保持中國經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定運行至關重要。

Money well-spent can create new money. Money invested in the people will generate new wealth, help us protect and preserve the tax base and make public finance more sustainable. We will do our utmost to keep China’s economic growth stable and make steady progress. In other words, we will not kick up dirt and leave a trail of dust that will block the sight of those who follow. We have also reserved policy space on the fiscal, financial, social security and other fronts. And we are in a strong position to quickly introduce new measures without any hesitation should the evolving situation calls for it. It is essential that we keep China’s economic growth on a steady course.

我們堅信，在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，經(jīng)過全國人民的共同努力，一定會戰(zhàn)勝當前的困難，實現(xiàn)全年目標任務，全面建成小康社會。中國經(jīng)濟保持穩(wěn)定、穩(wěn)住基本盤，本身就是對世界的貢獻，會為世界經(jīng)濟恢復增長、實現(xiàn)發(fā)展作出積極貢獻。

I am confident that under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and with joint efforts of people across the nation, we will be able to prevail over the current difficulties, fulfill our tasks and goals for the whole year, and complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Keeping China’s economic growth and fundamentals stable will be a contribution to the whole world. And China will remain a positive force driving global economic recovery and growth.